Representation of conspecific vocalizations in amygdala of awake marmosets.

Human speech and animal vocalizations are important for social communication and animal survival. Neurons in the auditory pathway are responsive to a range of sounds, from elementary sound features to complex acoustic sounds. For social communication, responses to distinct patterns of vocalization are usually highly specific to an individual conspecific call, in some species.

Comparing perioperative outcomes following off-pump multi-vessel minimally invasive via a single left intercostal space incision with median sternotomy coronary artery bypass grafting: A single-center retrospective cohort study.

Background: The perioperative outcomes following off-pump multi-vessel minimally invasive surgery (MICS) coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) via a single left intercostal space incision has not been well evaluated.

Method: From July 2019 to January 2022, a total of 444 patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) were enrolled and divided into MICS ( = 179) and sternotomy CABG ( = 265). Perioperative outcomes were compared between these two groups, including intraoperative blood loss, postoperative first 24 h drainage, ventilation duration, length of stay (LOS) in ICU and total LOS in hospital.

Hand-Rearing Method for Infant Marmosets.

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a small and highly social New World monkey with high reproduction rates, which has been proven to be a compelling non-human primate model for biomedical and neuroscience research. Some females give birth to triplets; however, the parents cannot raise all of them. To save these infants, we have developed a hand-rearing method for raising newborn marmosets.

Deconstruction of Vermal Cerebellum in Ramp Locomotion in Mice.

The cerebellum is involved in encoding balance, posture, speed, and gravity during locomotion. However, most studies are carried out on flat surfaces, and little is known about cerebellar activity during free ambulation on slopes. Here, it has been imaged the neuronal activity of cerebellar molecular interneurons (MLIs) and Purkinje cells (PCs) using a miniaturized microscope while a mouse is walking on a slope.

Effect of a High Estrogen Level in Early Pregnancy on the Development and Behavior of Marmoset Offspring.

The use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has risen steadily worldwide over the past 3 decades and helps many infertile families. However, ART treatments lead to an abnormal internal environment in the uterus, which may increase the risks of health problems for the offspring. Higher maternal estradiol (E) is a notable feature in women who use ART treatments, and this has been suggested as a key factor for the risk of diseases in the offspring.

DeepBhvTracking: A Novel Behavior Tracking Method for Laboratory Animals Based on Deep Learning.

Behavioral measurement and evaluation are broadly used to understand brain functions in neuroscience, especially for investigations of movement disorders, social deficits, and mental diseases. Numerous commercial software and open-source programs have been developed for tracking the movement of laboratory animals, allowing animal behavior to be analyzed digitally. optical imaging and electrophysiological recording in freely behaving animals are now widely used to understand neural functions in circuits.

Discovery and Evaluation of Pyrazolo[3,4-]pyridazinone as a Potent and Orally Active Irreversible BTK Inhibitor.

The identification and lead optimization of a series of pyrazolo[3,4-]pyridazinone derivatives are described as a novel class of potent irreversible BTK inhibitors, resulting in the discovery of compound . Compound exhibited high potency against BTK kinase and acceptable PK profile. Furthermore, compound demonstrated significant in vivo efficacy in a mouse-collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of vincamine derivatives as potential pancreatic β-cells protective agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

A series of vincamine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as pancreatic β-cells protective agents for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Most of the compounds displayed potent pancreatic β-cells protective activities and five derivatives were found to exhibit 20-50-fold higher activities than vincamine. Especially for compounds Vin-C01 and Vin-F03, exhibited a remarkable EC value of 0.

Nest site selection for five common birds and their coexistence in an urban habitat.

Many species of birds gradually adapt to urbanization and colonize cities successfully. However, their nest site selection and competitive relationship in an urban community remain little known. Understanding the impact of urbanization on birds and the competitive relationship has important implications for the conservation and management of wildlife in urban ecosystems.

Efficacy of Total Aortic Arch Replacement Combined with Frozen Elephant Trunk in Aortic Reoperation.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to estimate the long-term efficacy of total aortic arch replacement combined with the frozen elephant trunk (TAR+FET) technique for aortic disease following a prior cardiac surgery procedure. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed TAR+FET for 118 patients for major vessel disease following a prior cardiac procedure with median sternotomy incision. All patients were divided into 5 groups: in group A, the prior major procedure was aortic valve replacement (AVR); in group B, the prior major procedure was isolated ascending aorta replacement; in group C, the prior major procedure was aortic root replacement; in group D, the prior major procedure was aortic arch replacement or intervention; and in group E, the prior major procedure was 'other' cardiac operative procedure.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of LX2343 derivatives as neuroprotective agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

A series of LX2343 derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as neuroprotective agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in vitro. Most of the compounds displayed potent neuroprotective activities. Especially for compound A6, exhibited a remarkable EC value of 0.

Tumor-targeting efficacy of a BF211 prodrug through hydrolysis by fibroblast activation protein-α.

BF211, a bufalin (BF) derivative, exhibits stronger anti-cancer activity than BF but with potential cardiotoxicity. Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAPα) is a membrane-bound protease specifically expressed by carcinoma-associated fibroblasts, thus has been used for the selective delivery of anticancer agents. In this study, we used a FAPα-based prodrug strategy to synthesize a dipeptide (Z-Gly-Pro)-conjugated BF211 prodrug named BF211-03.

Self-Powered Pulse Sensor for Antidiastole of Cardiovascular Disease.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally; fortunately, 90% of cardiovascular diseases are preventable by long-term monitoring of physiological signals. Stable, ultralow power consumption, and high-sensitivity sensors are significant for miniaturized wearable physiological signal monitoring systems. Here, this study proposes a flexible self-powered ultrasensitive pulse sensor (SUPS) based on triboelectric active sensor with excellent output performance (1.

Palladium-Catalyzed Formylation of Aryl Iodides with HCOOH as CO Source.

A facile and practical method for the synthesis of aromatic aldehydes by palladium-catalyzed reductive carbonylation starting from aryl iodides and HCOOH is described. Compared to the known formylation procedure, HCOOH serves not only as the most convenient and environmental-friendly C1 source but also as the reviving agent in the reductive elimination process of a Pd-catalyst. Furthermore, this procedure is also applied successfully to the modification of natural products, such as vindoline, tabersonin, and vincamine, to obtain the corresponding products in good yields.

Small molecule LX2343 ameliorates cognitive deficits in AD model mice by targeting both amyloid β production and clearance.

Aim: Streptozotocin (STZ) is widely used to induce oxidative damage and to impair glucose metabolism, apoptosis, and tau/Aβ pathology, eventually leading to cognitive deficits in both in vitro and in vivo models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we constructed a cell-based platform using STZ to induce stress conditions mimicking the complicated pathologies of AD in vitro, and evaluated the anti-amyloid effects of a small molecule, N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-[5-chloro-2-methoxy(phenylsulfonyl)anilino]acetamide (LX2343) in the amelioration of cognitive deficits in AD model mice.

Methods: Cell-based assays for screening anti-amyloid compounds were established by assessing Aβ accumulation in HEK293-APP and CHO-APP cells, and Aβ clearance in primary astrocytes and SH-SY5Y cells after the cells were treated with STZ in the presence of the test compounds.