Targeted next-generation sequencing - a promising approach in the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and drug resistance.

Targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) offers a high-throughput, culture-independent approach that delivers a comprehensive resistance profile in a significantly shorter turn-around time, making it promising in enhancing tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and informing treatment decisions. This study aims to evaluate the performance of tNGS in the TB diagnosis and drug resistance detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) using MTB clinical isolates and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples. A total of 143 MTB clinical isolates were assessed, tNGS, phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), and AST based on whole genome sequencing (WGS) exhibited high concordance rates, averaging 95.

Assessment of the Cepheid 3-gene Host Response Fingerstick Blood Test (MTB-HR) on rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis.

The World Health Organization has identified high-priority target product profiles for new TB diagnostics which include rapid biomarker-based, non-sputum-based diagnostic testing, using an easily accessible sample. The Cepheid 3-gene Host Response Fingerstick Blood Prototype Test (MTB-HR) quantifies relative mRNA levels of a 3-gene signature (, , and ) from a whole-blood sample on the GeneXpert platform. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance of the MTB-HR to distinguish between active tuberculosis (ATB), latent infection (LTBI), other pulmonary diseases, and healthy volunteers at a tertiary care centre.

Prediction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance by nucleotide MALDI-TOF-MS.

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of nucleotide matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) in predicting the drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Methods: A total of 115 rifampin-resistant and 53 rifampin-susceptible tuberculosis (TB) clinical isolates were randomly selected from TB strains stored at -80℃ in the clinical laboratory of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital. Nucleotide MALDI-TOF-MS was performed to predict the drug resistance using phenotypic susceptibility as the gold standard.

Use of Whole-Genome Sequencing to Predict Complex Drug Resistance from Early Positive Liquid Cultures.

Our objective was to evaluate the performance of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) from early positive liquid cultures for predicting Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) drug resistance. Clinical isolates were obtained from tuberculosis patients at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital (SPH). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed, and WGS from early Bactec mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) 960-positive liquid cultures was performed to predict the drug resistance using the TB-Profiler informatics platform.

Use of whole-genome sequencing to predict Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance in Shanghai, China.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for predicting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) drug resistance.

Methods: 276 rifampin-resistance tuberculosis (RR-TB) and 30 rifampicin-sensitive clinical isolates were randomly selected from patients with tuberculosis in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital (SPH). Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) against six anti-TB drugs was performed, and WGS was used to predict the drug resistance using an online 'TB-Profiler' tool.

Drug Resistance Characteristics of Isolates From Patients With Tuberculosis to 12 Antituberculous Drugs in China.

To investigate the drug resistance characteristics of (MTB) isolates from patients with tuberculosis to 12 antituberculous drugs in China. All clinical isolates of MTB were isolated from patients with tuberculosis in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital (SPH) during the period from January 1st to December 31th, 2018. Drug susceptibility testing (DST) was performed in micro plates with 12 antituberculous drugs in accordance with relevant guideline.

Assessment of the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay on rapid diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra for EPTB (Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis) patients on different types of extrapulmonary specimens from different anatomic sites.

Methods: Patients with suspected EPTB were prospectively included, extrapulmonary specimens were collected and subjected to culture, Xpert and Xpert Ultra assays in accordance with relevant guidelines.

Results: A total of 225 cases were included which contained 200 EPTB cases (43 culture-positive EPTB, 157 culture-negative EPTB which were diagnosed based on pathological results and a satisfied response to anti-TB treatment) and 25 non-EPTB cases.