Ginsenoside compound K alleviates brain aging by inhibiting ferroptosis through modulation of the ASK1-MKK7-JNK signaling pathway.

Background: Aging of the brain is a major contributor to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Conventional treatments for these diseases are often limited by significant side effects and a lack of efficacy in halting disease progression. Ginsenoside compound K (CK), a bioactive secondary metabolite derived from ginseng, has shown promise because of its potent antioxidant properties.

The neutrophil extracellular traps-related gene signature predicts the prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme.

Introduction: This research hoped to explore the molecular mechanism of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) progression, and develop a promising prognostic signature for GBM based on NETs-related genes (NETGs).

Material And Methods: Gene expression data and clinical data of GBM tumour samples were downloaded from TCGA and CGGA databases. NETs-related molecular subtypes were explored by using ConsensusClusterPlus.

HaptGlove-Untethered Pneumatic Glove for Multimode Haptic Feedback in Reality-Virtuality Continuum.

Novel haptics technologies are urgently needed to bridge the gap between entirely physical world and fully digital environment to render a more realistic and immersive human-computer interaction. Current virtual reality (VR) haptic gloves either deliver limited haptic feedback or are bulky and heavy. The authors develop a haptic glove or HaptGlove, an untethered and lightweight pneumatic glove, that allows users to "physically" interact in a VR environment and enables both kinesthetic and cutaneous sensations naturally and realistically.

Reprogramming of rhythmic liver metabolism by intestinal clock.

Background & Aims: Temporal oscillations in intestinal nutrient processing and absorption are coordinated by the local clock, which leads to the hypothesis that the intestinal clock has major impacts on shaping peripheral rhythms via diurnal nutritional signals. Here, we investigate the role of the intestinal clock in controlling liver rhythmicity and metabolism.

Methods: Transcriptomic analysis, metabolomics, metabolic assays, histology, quantitative (q)PCR, and immunoblotting were performed with Bmal1-intestine-specific knockout (iKO), Rev-erba-iKO, and control mice.

On Hierarchical Multi-UAV Dubins Traveling Salesman Problem Paths in a Complex Obstacle Environment.

This article aims to solve a hierarchical multi-UAV Dubins traveling salesman problem (HMDTSP). Optimal hierarchical coverage and multi-UAV collaboration are achieved by the proposed approaches in a 3-D complex obstacle environment. A multi-UAV multilayer projection clustering (MMPC) algorithm is presented to reduce the cumulative distance from multilayer targets to corresponding cluster centers.

Identifying the mechanisms and molecular targets of Hongjingtian injection on treatment of TGFβ1-induced HK-2 cells: coupling network pharmacology with experimental verification.

Background: The study was designed to investigate the mechanism of Hongjingtian injection (HJT) in treating tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) in chronic kidney diseases (CKD) based on network pharmacology and experimental verification.

Methods: First, active ingredients of HJT obtained from literature were screened using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database and putative targets of active ingredients were predicted using the Chemmapper, SEA and Swiss Target Prediction database. Subsequently, the "compound-target" network for HJT was established.

radix protects against UVB-induced skin aging antagonism of REV-ERBα in mice.

radix (PLR) is a wildly used herbal medicine. Here we aimed to assess the PLR efficacy against UVB (ultraviolet-B)-induced skin aging and to determine the mechanisms thereof. We found a significant protective effect of PLR (topical application) on UVB-induced skin aging in mice, as evidenced by reduced skin wrinkles, epidermal thickness, and MDA (malondialdehyde) content as well as increased levels of HYP (hydroxyproline) and SOD (superoxide dismutase) in the skin.

Georgi regulates REV-ERBα/BMAL1 to protect against skin aging in mice.

Georgi (SBG) is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used to treat disorders such as hypertension, dysentery and hemorrhaging. Here, we aimed to assess the pharmacological effects of SBG on skin aging and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Mice with skin aging were established by treatment with D-galactose and ultraviolet-B.

Graphitic carbon nitride-based photocatalysts in the applications of environmental catalysis.

Semiconductor photocatalytic technology has shown great prospects in converting solar energy into chemical energy to mitigate energy crisis and solve environmental pollution problems. The key issue is the development of high-efficiency photocatalysts. Various strategies in the state-of-the-art advancements, such as heterostructure construction, heteroatom doping, metal/single atom loading, and defect engineering, have been presented for the graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN)-based nanocomposite catalysts to design their surface chemical environments and internal electronic structures to make them more suitable for different photocatalytic applications.

Step Site-Specific Semihydrogenation of Acetylene on the Au Surface.

Supported Au catalysts are highly selective and size-sensitive in catalytic hydrogenation of alkynes under mild conditions. Using thermal-programmed desorption and density functional theory calculations, we study the hydrogenation reactions of C hydrocarbons with atomic H and clarify the site-specific selective hydrogenation of CH on Au(997) at low temperatures. On atomic H(a) covered Au(997), hydrogenation of CH goes with 100% selectivity to CH at steps, yet no hydrogenation occurs at terraces; adsorbed CH on neither steps nor terraces reacts with H(a).

A near-ambient pressure flow reactor coupled with polarization-modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy for operando studies of heterogeneous catalytic reactions over model catalysts.

The model catalyst approach is often used for fundamental investigations of complex heterogeneous catalysis, in which operando characterizations are critical. A flow reactor is usually adopted for gas-solid heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Herein, we report a home-designed near-ambient pressure (NAP) flow reactor coupled with polarization-modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRAS) and an online quadrupole mass spectrometer for operando studies of heterogeneous catalytic reactions over model catalysts.

BMAL1 regulates -induced skin inflammation via REV-ERBα in mice.

Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease, affecting over 80% of adolescents. Inflammation is known to play a central role in acne development. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of the central clock gene in acne-associated inflammation in mice.

E4BP4 Regulates Hepatic Solute Carrier Family 2 Member 9 and Uric Acid Disposition in Mice.

Solute carrier family 2 member 9 (SLC2A9) is a voltage-driven transporter that mediates cellular uptake and efflux of various substrates such as uric acid. Here, we investigate the role of E4 promoter-binding protein 4 (E4BP4), a transcription factor, in regulating hepatic SLC2A9 in mice. Effects of E4BP4 on hepatic SLC2A9 and other transporters were examined using knockout ( ) mice.

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus among Uygur children in Hotan Prefecture of Xinjiang, China.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among Uygur children in Hotan Prefecture of Xinjiang, China, as well as the factors influencing the development of DM.

Methods: The cluster random sampling method was used to select 5 308 children, aged 4-18 years, from the middle and primary schools and kindergartens in Hotan Prefecture of Xinjiang. The survey methods included questionnaire survey and the measurement of height and weight.

Optimal designing of a hybrid renewable energy system connected to an unreliable grid based on enhanced African vulture optimizer.

The present research addresses a new optimum configuration for a Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES). The structure includes fuel cell (FC), wind turbine (WT), and photovoltaic (PV) and its auxiliaries including the electrolyzer and the H tank as the storage system. The primary mover in this study is the grid, while, the proposed HRES is used during energy deficiency from the grid side.

MiR-21 participates in LPS-induced myocardial injury by targeting Bcl-2 and CDK6.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between miR-21 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced myocardial injury and its molecular and regulatory mechanisms.

Methods: We constructed LPS-mediated myocardial injury model using C57BL/6J mice and H9c2 cells. In-vivo, in-vitro, RIP and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to determine the effect of miR-21 on myocardial injury.

mmu-miR-199a-5p regulates CYP2B10 through repression of E4BP4 in mouse AML-12 hepatocytes.

miR-199a-5p is an important regulator of many biological processes. However, whether and how CYP enzymes are regulated by miR-199a-5p are unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential role of mmu-miR-199a-5p in regulating CYP2 enzymes.

Oxidative Coupling of Methanol with Molecularly Adsorbed Oxygen on Au Surface to Methyl Formate.

Supported Au catalysts efficiently catalyze the oxidative coupling of methanol with O to methyl formate, in which the atomic O species (O(a)) formed via O dissociation on the Au surface has been considered as the active oxygen species. Herein we report for the first time that the oxidative coupling of methanol can occur facilely with molecularly adsorbed O species (O(a)) on a Au(997) surface at temperatures as low as around 125 K, while that with O(a) occurs at around 175 K. Both experimental and theoretical calculation results demonstrate a novel reaction mechanism of oxidative coupling of CHOH with (a) via a dioxymethylene (HCO) intermediate, resulting in the production of both HCOOCH and HCOCH.

Event-Triggered Quantized Communication-Based Consensus in Multiagent Systems via Sliding Mode.

To handle the common existing constraints, that is, limited energy supplies and limited communication bandwidth in multiagent systems (MASs), this article investigates the consensus problem in MASs with event-triggered communication (ETC) and state quantization. In order to compensate for the effect brought by mismatched disturbances, we also propose a novel multiple discontinuous sliding-mode surface, and the corresponding sliding-mode control law is constructed by considering the event-triggered and dynamic quantized mechanisms jointly. Under such a scheme, it is shown that the state trajectories of all the agents will be regulated to achieve consensus asymptotically and the Zeno behavior can be avoided completely.

Surface chemistry and photochemistry of small molecules on rutile TiO(001) and TiO(011)-(2 × 1) surfaces: The crucial roles of defects.

Surface chemistry and photochemistry of small molecules on the rutile TiO(001) and TiO(011)-(2 × 1) surfaces were studied by low energy electron diffraction, thermal desorption spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the TiO(001) surface mainly exhibits the defects of Ti interstitials in the near-surface region, while the TiO(011)-(2 × 1) surface mainly exhibits the defects of double-oxygen vacancies. The defect structures of TiO surfaces strongly affect their adsorption and thermal/photodesorption behaviors.

Controlled interpenetration of 4 networks: syntheses and structures of two Cu-cluster coordination polymers.

The reaction of copper nitrate and triethanolamine with benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (bdcH) or 4,4'-[1,4-phenylenebis(oxy)]dibenzoic acid (podaH) leads to the formation of poly[bis(μ-benzene-1,4-dicarboxylato-κO:O:O:O)bis{μ-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanolato-κN,O,O',O'':κO}tricopper(II)], [Cu(CHO)(CHNO)] or [Cu(μ-bdc)(teaH)] (I), and poly[bis{μ-4,4'-[1,4-phenylenebis(oxy)]dibenzoato-κO:O':O'':O''}bis{μ-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanolato-κN,O,O',O'':κO}tricopper(II)], [Cu(CHO)(CHNO)] or [Cu(μ-poda)(teaH)], (II). The two representative compounds contain a well-established Cu cluster supporting a given 4 network. The ligand length is the underlying factor that controls the degree of interpenetration.

Observer-based stabilization for switched positive system with mode-dependent average dwell time.

This paper concerns the exponential stabilization problem for a class of switched positive systems. The switching signal satisfies mode-dependent average dwell time (MDADT) and the state variables are partially unmeasurable. A further explanation of mode-dependent average dwell time is included.

Surface chemistry of group IB metals and related oxides.

Understanding the surface chemistry of solid catalysts is of great importance for the rational design of structures of advanced catalysts; however, long-term challenges remain due to the complex and non-uniform catalyst structures and the lack of suitable characterization techniques. Surface chemistry studies of single-crystal-based model catalysts with well-defined surface structures under ultra-high vacuum conditions have been developed as one approach, but the so-called materials gap and pressure gap are sometimes encountered when the acquired understanding is extended to the industrial reaction conditions. Recently emerging uniform catalytic nanocrystals with well-defined surface structures consist of a novel type of model catalysts, whose surface chemistry can be studied under the same conditions as the industrial reaction conditions; meanwhile, the surface chemistry of powder catalysts can be studied to some extent due to the development of advanced characterization techniques.

Surface reaction network of CO oxidation on CeO/Au(110) inverse model catalysts.

CeO/Au(110) inverse model catalysts were prepared and their activity toward the adsorption and co-adsorption of O, CO, CO and water was studied by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, low energy electron diffraction, thermal desorption spectra and temperature-programmed reaction spectra. The Au surface of CeO/Au(110) inverse model catalysts molecularly adsorbs CO, CO and water, and the polycrystalline CeO surface of CeO/Au(110) inverse model catalysts molecularly adsorbs O, and molecularly and reactively adsorbs CO, CO and water. By controllably preparing co-adsorbed surface species on CeO/Au(110) inverse model catalysts, we successfully identified various surface reaction pathways of CO oxidation to produce CO with different barriers both on the CeO surface and at the Au-CeO interface, including CO oxidation by various oxygen species, and water/hydroxyl group-involved CO oxidation.