Analysis of BK Virus Infection in Children After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Retrospective Single-center Study.

Background: BK virus (BKV) is one of the most common causes of hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Viruses can be found in urine and serum of immunocompromised patients.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, clinical course, and risk factors for BKV infection in children undergoing HSCT.

Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a first-line treatment for paediatric severe aplastic anemia: a single-center research.

MRD-HSCT is the first-line therapy for children with SAA, while it is not easy to find a compatible donor due to the Chinese one-child policy. IST has a high recurrence rate, a risk of clonal transformation. Thus, Haplo-HSCT, as a first-line treatment, has gradually attracted clinicians' attention.

Homoharringtonine-Based Induction Therapy Reduces the Recurrence Rate of Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an effective treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Pediatric patients with AML who relapse after HSCT have an extremely poor prognosis. We performed a retrospective study of pediatric patients diagnosed with AML from August 2015 to October 2019 who were treated with HSCT.

Long-term prednisone treatment causes fungal microbiota dysbiosis and alters the ecological interaction between gut mycobiome and bacteriome in rats.

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used in the treatment of immune-mediated diseases due to their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Prednisone is one of the most commonly used GCs. However, it is still unknown whether prednisone affects gut fungi in rats.

An exploration on retro-construction of plasma drug concentration-time curves from corresponding urine excretion data and single-point plasma concentrations using a simplified and idealized method.

Background: Despite the availability of various tools of modeling and simulation, clinical pediatric pharmacokinetic (PK) studies remain far less efficient than those on adults due to ethical constraints. One of the optimal solutions is to substitute urine to blood sampling based on explicit mathematic relationships between them. However, this idea is limited by three main knowledge gaps associated with urine data, i.

Klotho gene might antagonize ischemic injury in stroke rats by reducing the expression of AQP4 via P38MAPK pathway.

Objectives: This study was aimed at exploring whether klotho improved neurologic function in rats with cerebral infarction by inhibiting P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and thus down-regulating aquaporin 4 (AQP4).

Methods: In this study, we induced intracerebral Klotho overexpression in 6-week-old Sprague Dawley rats by injecting lentivirus carrying full-length rat Klotho cDNA into the lateral ventricle of the brain, followed by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery after three days. Neurologic function was evaluated by neurological deficit scores.

Mitochondrial calcium uptake 3 mitigates cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related neuronal death and glial inflammation by reducing mitochondrial dysfunction.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by the cerebrovascular amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, and always accompanied by Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mitochondrial dysfunction-associated cellular events including cell death, inflammation and oxidative stress are implicated in the progression of CAA. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms revealing CAA pathogenesis are still obscure, thus requiring further studies.

Case Report: Successful treatment of severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a case series of primary nephrotic syndrome after receiving anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy.

Rituximab is emerging as a new steroid sparing agent in children with difficult-to-treat nephrotic syndrome due to its ability of depleting CD20-positive B cells. Life-threatening adverse events such as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia may occur even though it seems to be well tolerated. Since rituximab is wildly used in immune-mediated diseases, it is important to manage its severe adverse events.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with the modified myeloablative conditioning regimen for children with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection.

Importance: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is considered the only effective treatment for chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (CAEBV). The clinical efficacy and safety of allo-HSCT with different conditioning regimens in children with CAEBV remain unclear.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of allo-HSCT with the modified myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimen for children with CAEBV and also the factors affecting the outcomes.

Fruquintinib/HMPL-013 ameliorates cognitive impairments and pathology in a mouse model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA).

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by the cerebrovascular amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, and always accompanied by Alzheimer's disease (AD). The mechanisms revealing CAA pathogenesis are still unclear, and it is challenging to develop an efficient therapeutic strategy for its treatment. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors including VEGFR-1,-2,-3 activation are involved in Aβ processing, and modulate numerous cellular events associated with central nervous system (CNS) diseases.

Large scale application of pulse oximeter and auscultation in screening of neonatal congenital heart disease.

Purpose: To conduct a retrospective evaluation of a large clinical implementation of combined pulse oximeter (POX) and cardiac auscultation as a fast-screening device for congenital heart disease (CHD).

Methods: Every newborn in a large maternity healthcare center received auscultation and POX screening within 24 hours after delivery. When an abnormal heart murmur or SpO level was detected, an echocardiogram was ordered to confirm the diagnosis of CHD.

Elevated Homocysteine Levels Predict Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia and Poor Functional Outcomes in Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background: Homocysteine (Hcy) has been extensively acknowledged to be correlated with inflammation. In this study, the relationship between Hcy and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in primary intracerebral hemorrhage (pICH) was explored.

Methods: We conducted a hospital-based study on screened eligible patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage admitted within 24 h after symptom onset from January 2019 to June 2021.

Efficacy of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of children with non-severe aplastic anemia.

Background: Non-severe aplastic anemia is more likely to develop into severe aplastic anemia, and there is no widely accepted treatment plan at present. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation might be a new therapeutic strategy.

Methods: Retrospectively analyzed 32 patients with non-severe aplastic anemia who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from September 2007 to September 2020, and the 5-year estimated overall survival rate and the incidence of graft-versus-host disease were analyzed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of pediatric non-severe aplastic anemia.

Immune Reconstitution in Pediatric Aplastic Anemia after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-cell Transplantation.

Previous studies had revealed that immune reconstitution (IR) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) affected the clinical prognosis of patients. However, few studies were based on pediatric patients and patients with aplastic anemia (AA). The purpose of this research was to analyze IR of pediatric AA after HSCT and further explore its clinical prognostic value.

DABCO as a practical catalyst for aromatic halogenation with -halosuccinimides.

A simple and practical synthetic approach for synthesis of aromatic halides is developed. Simple Lewis base, DABCO, is used as the catalyst. This arene halogenation process proceedes conveniently and efficiently at ambient conditions, providing the desired products in good to excellent yields and selectivity.

Tin Oxide (SnO) Nanoparticles: Facile Fabrication, Characterization, and Application in UV Photodetectors.

Tin oxide (SnO) nanomaterials are of great interest in many fields such as catalytic, electrochemical, and biomedical applications, due to their low cost, suitable stability characteristics, high photosensitivity, etc. In this contribution, SnO NPs were facilely fabricated by calcination of tin (II) oxalate in air, followed by a liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) method. Size-selected SnO NPs were easily obtained using a liquid cascade centrifugation (LCC) technique.

Integrative Analysis of Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites in Rats after Prednisone Treatment.

Prednisone (PRED) is a synthetic glucocorticoid (GC) widely used in immune-mediated diseases for its immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. The effects of GC are achieved by genomic and nongenomic mechanisms. However, the nongenomic effects are largely unknown.

Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for pediatric patients with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection: a retrospective analysis of a single center.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and clinical effect of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) for the treatment of pediatric patients with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (CAEBV).

Methods: Children with CAEBV who did not have matched donors and underwent haplo-HSCT in Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, from October 2016 to June 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Data relating to the clinical manifestations, engraftment, and prognosis of the children were extracted from medical records.

Artemisinin Facilitates Motor Function Recovery by Enhancing Motoneuronal Survival and Axonal Remyelination in Rats Following Brachial Plexus Root Avulsion.

Artemisinin (ART), a well-known antimalarial medicine originally isolated from the plant , exerts neuroprotective effects in the nervous system owing to an antioxidant effect. Here, we determined whether ART is capable of inhibiting the oxidative stress to enhance motoneuronal (MN) survival to promote motor function recovery of rats following brachial plexus root avulsion (BPRA) with reimplantation surgery. Rats following BPRA and reimplantation were subcutaneously injected with 500 μL of PBS or 16 mg/mL ART once daily for 7 days after surgery.

Haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for malignant infantile osteopetrosis and intermediate osteopetrosis: a retrospective analysis of a single centre.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) for the treatment of malignant infantile osteopetrosis (MIOP) and intermediate osteopetrosis.

Methods: Children with MIOP and IOP who underwent haplo-HSCT in Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 2010 to May 2018 were retrospectively analysed. Data relating to the clinical manifestations, engraftment, and prognosis of the children were extracted from medical records.

Diagnosis and treatment of pediatric anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive large B-cell lymphoma: A case report.

Background: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive (ALK+) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) is a rare type of lymphoma with high invasiveness and rapid progression. It occurs in all age groups, but is extremely rare in children. The lesions mainly involve the lymph nodes and may present with extra-nodal involvement.