Vitamin D Alleviates Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Mitigating Oxidative Stress-Induced Pancreatic β-Cell Impairment.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common metabolic disorder with rising incidence worldwide. This study explored the anti-T2DM role of vitamin D, thereby providing novel therapeutic strategies.

Methods: C57BL/6 J mice and MIN6 cells were used to induce T2DM and damaged β-cell models, respectively.

The metabolome and bacterial composition of high-moisture Italian ryegrass silage inoculated with lactic acid bacteria during ensiling.

Background: With its high nutritional value and productivity, Italian ryegrass as a biomass feedstock constantly supplies rumen degradable nitrogen and digestible fiber to ruminants. However, biofuel production is easily reduced during ensiling due to the high-moisture content of Italian ryegrass, leading to economic losses. Lactic acid bacteria inoculants could improve lignocellulosic degradation and fermentation quality and decrease dry matter loss during the bioprocessing of silage.

Characterization of mycotoxins and microbial community in whole-plant corn ensiled in different silo types during aerobic exposure.

Silage can be contaminated with mycotoxins and accidental fungi after aerobic exposure. The study assessed the effects of bunker silos (BS), round bales (RB), and silage bags (SB) on the nutritional characteristics, fermentation quality, aerobic stability, mycotoxin levels and microbial communities of whole-plant corn silage (WPCS). After 90 days of fermentation, silages were opened and sampled at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days of exposure.

ROS‑mediated autophagy through the AMPK signaling pathway protects INS‑1 cells from human islet amyloid polypeptide‑induced cytotoxicity.

Oligomerization of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is toxic and contributes to progressive reduction of β cell mass in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Autophagy is a highly conserved homeostatic mechanism in eukaryotes. Previous studies have confirmed that hIAPP can promote autophagy in β cells, but the underlying molecular mechanism and cellular regulatory pathway of hIAPP‑induced autophagy remains not fully elucidated.

Palmitate induces VSMC apoptosis via toll like receptor (TLR)4/ROS/p53 pathway.

Background And Aims: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been implicated in vascular inflammation, as well as in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and diabetes. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis has been shown to induce plaque vulnerability in atherosclerosis. Previous studies reported that palmitate induced apoptosis in VSMCs; however, the role of TLR4 in palmitate-induced apoptosis in VSMCs has not yet been defined.

Reduced serum milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) concentrations are associated with an increased risk of microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: The association between serum milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) concentrations and vascular complications in T2DM remains unclear.

Methods: A total of 149 patients with T2DM were included. The serum concentrations of MFG-E8, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured.