Myriocin enhances the clearance of by macrophages through the activation of PLIN2.

Myriocin is an inhibitor of synthesis of sphingolipids and ceramides. In this research, we showed myriocin could significantly reduce Mtb burden and histopathological inflammation in mice. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Bowel habits were associated with mortality in chronic kidney disease: results from a nationwide prospective cohort study.

Purpose: Bowel habits may affect the prognosis in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. This study aimed to explore the association of bowel habits with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in CKD.

Methods: 2460 CKD patients in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 through 2010 without missing data for bowel habits and mortality were enrolled.

The use of multiplex imaging techniques to characterize tuberculous granuloma heterogeneity.

Caseous granulomas are pathological hallmarks of tuberculosis (TB), and increasing evidence suggests that TB granuloma composition is highly temporally and spatially heterogenous in both animal models and humans. Traditional pathological techniques are limited in their ability to reveal the heterogeneity present in TB granulomas. Multiplex tissue imaging tools combined with powerful, high resolution spatial analysis have enabled the detection of various cell phenotypes, aiding in the visualization of the granuloma complex and revealing the interactions between immune cells and nonimmune cells.

Potential biomarkers and resistance mechanisms of atezolizumab in a patient with lung squamous cell carcinoma.

At present, only a small fraction of patients with cancer benefit from treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors, the reasons for which are not fully understood. Monitoring molecular and immunologic changes during treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors would help to identify potential biomarkers and mechanisms associated with resistance and guide subsequent treatment. The authors report on a patient previously treated for lung squamous cell carcinoma who received atezolizumab-based therapy for 24 months.

Long-Term Survival After Salvage Thoracic Surgery on a Patient with -Rearranged Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma After Progression on Targeted Therapy.

Targeted therapy for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is often challenged by the arising of drug resistance. After progression to targeted therapy, treatment options include continued targeted therapy, definitive local therapy, and the combination of both. While there is evidence that local ablative radiotherapy may prolong the disease control by targeted therapy, little is known regarding the relevance of salvage thoracic surgery in this setting.

Circular RNA hsa_circ_0002483 promotes growth and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma by sponging miR-125a-3p.

Background: Increasing evidence indicates that the aberrant expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAC). However, the function and molecular mechanisms of hsa_circ_0002483 (circ_0002483) in LUAC remain unclear.

Methods: The association between circ_0002483 expression and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in patients with LUAC was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Thermal treatment decreases resistance to osimertinib in non-small cell lung cancer through the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway.

Osimertinib (OSI) resistance commonly occurs during the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aims to investigate whether the thermal effects of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) can increase the sensitivity of OSI-resistant NSCLC to OSI treatment and whether OSI effectively inhibits the recurrence of OSI-resistant NSCLC following RFA treatment and improve survival of NSCLC patients. In vitro, OSI-resistant NCI-H1975 (NCI-H1975/OSIR) cells and thermotolerant NCI-H1975/OSIR (NCI-H1975/OSIR-a-h) cells were established using human NSCLC cell line NCI-H1975.

Inhibitory effect of Ubenimex combined with fluorouracil on multiple drug resistance and P-glycoprotein expression level in non-small lung cancer.

Tumour drug resistance is one of the most urgent issues faced by anti-tumour therapies. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) has been reported to be correlated with drug resistance. In this study, we aimed to study the synergistic effect of fluorouracil (5FU) and Ubenimex (UBE) on drug resistance in lung cancer.

miR‑10a increases the cisplatin resistance of lung adenocarcinoma circulating tumor cells via targeting PIK3CA in the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) that are shed from the primary tumor invade the blood stream or surrounding parenchyma to form new tumors. The present study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma CTCs and provide clinical treatment guidance for lung cancer treatment. CTCs from the blood samples of 6 lung adenocarcinoma patients were treated with different concentrations of cisplatin along with A549 and H1299 cells.

Independent prognostic value of HIF-1α expression in radiofrequency ablation of lung cancer.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is widely used in the treatment of lung cancer. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a crucial transcription factor regulating oxygen homeostasis that is involved in tumor cell metastasis. The present study investigated the impact of HIF-1α expression and other factors, such as postoperative blood CD4/CD8 ratio, on the prognosis of patients with lung cancer who had received RFA treatment.

Case report: HER2 amplification as a resistance mechanism to crizotinib in NSCLC with MET exon 14 skipping.

Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring MET exon 14 skipping can benefit from crizotinib treatment. Currently, the main resistance mechanisms to crizotinib are MET D1228N and Y1230C mutations. We reported a case of a Chinese NSCLC patient with MET exon 14 skipping detected by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) achieved clinical and imaging remission after crizotinib treatment.

miR-142-5p regulates CD4+ T cells in human non-small cell lung cancer through PD-L1 expression via the PTEN pathway.

The present study aimed to evaluate the function of microRNA (miR)-142-5p on cancer immunity to induce apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its mechanism. miR-142-5p expression was upregulated, and CD4+ T cell levels were reduced in patients with NSCLC. Overexpression of miR-142-5p expression inhibited the cancer effects of CD4+ T cells on NSCLC cell lines, and downregulation of miR-142-5p increased the cancer effects of CD4+ T cells on NSCLC cell lines, compared with the control group.

Efficacy generated by afatinib in a lung adenocarcinoma patient harboring HER2 S310Y mutation.

Afatinib exhibits therapeutic efficacy for lung adenocarcinoma patients harboring HER2 exon 20 insertions. HER2 S310Y single site substitution was discovered in recent years and afatinib efficacy for adenocarcinoma patients harboring S310Y mutation has not been reported. We presented a case of a 41-year-old male patient with lung adenocarcinoma harboring the HER2 S310Y mutation obtained clinical response to the treatment of afatinib, an oral HER family blocker.

Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic anatomic segmentectomy for small-sized lung cancer.

Increasing evidences prove video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) segmentectomy is accepted as a valid alternative to lobectomy esp. a greater number of small lung nodules have been detected. Uniportal VATS segmentectomy for small-sized lung cancer is more challenging not only for technical issues in simple or complex uniportal segmentectomy, but also considering oncological efficacy in terms of localization, safe margin, the extent of lymph node dissection and pathological analysis.

MiR-186 inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer cells by downregulating Yin Yang 1.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the main type of lung cancer. While miR-186 is significantly reduced in lung cancer tissues and cells, its role in NSCLC has not been completely elucidated.

Material And Methods: We used qRT-PCR and western blot methods to investigate the levels of miR-186 and YY1 in 21 pairs of NSCLC tissues.

Transcription Factor YY1 Modulates Lung Cancer Progression by Activating lncRNA-PVT1.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite the advancement in surgery and chemotherapy, the prognosis of patients with advanced lung cancer is still poor. Yin Yang-1 (YY1) is a multifunctional transcription factor that exhibits positive and negative control on a large number of cellular and viral genes.

Upregulated lncRNA H19 promotes non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation through miR-138/PDK1 axis.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 was reported to be aberrantly expressed and implicated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the regulation of NSCLC progression by H19 was not well understood. In this study, we found that the expression level of H19 was obviously increased, but miR-138 was decreased in NSCLC tissues and NSCLC cells including A549, H1299 and H460 cells.

Inhibition of Skp2 sensitizes lung cancer cells to paclitaxel.

S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase and plays an important role in the control of cell cycle progression. Skp2 is upregulated in several cancers, including lung cancers, but the role of Skp2 in the tumorigenesis and anticancer drug resistance in human lung cancer remains to be determined. We report here that Skp2 positively regulated mitotic arrest deficient 2 (MAD2) expression and that inhibition of Skp2 sensitizes human lung cancer cells to paclitaxel.

Uniportal complete video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy with partial pulmonary arterioplasty for lung cancer with calcified lymph node.

Now, more and more complete video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (cVATS) surgeons are capable of performing lobectomy by uniportal approach. However, concerns regarding the safety of uniportal procedures for complex cases such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy, bronchial sleeves or vascular reconstructions still remains. As experience with uniportal VATS has increased, its application toward more technically demanding operations has also expanded.

[A study on the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms of interleukin-22 and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis].

Objective: To study the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of interleukin-22 (IL-22) gene and pulmonary tuberculosis.

Methods: From January 2009 to December 2010, clinical data of 479 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Shenzhen Third People's Hospital were collected. There were 212 males, and 267 females, aging from 18 to 69 (mean 36 ± 17) years, as well as 358 healthy controls (162 males and 196 females), aging from 18 to 60 (mean 34 ± 13) years.