Regulation of PPARγ in the development of early sheep embryos in vitro.

Lipid metabolism plays an important role in the regulation of early embryonic development in mammals. However, the effect of lipid metabolism mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) on the early embryonic development of sheep remains unclear. In this study, rosiglitazone (RSG), a PPARγ activator, was added to the in vitro embryo culture (IVC) medium to regulate the continuous expression of PPARγ.

Effects of Exogenous Regulation of PPARγ on Ovine Oocyte Maturation and Embryonic Development In Vitro.

Lactating oocytes consume a lot of energy during maturation, a large part of which comes from lipid metabolism. PPARγ is a key regulator of lipid metabolism. In this study, rosiglitazone (RSG), an activator of PPARγ, was added to a mature medium to investigate its effects on the levels of spindle and the chromosome arrangement, lipid deposition, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and glutathione (GSH) levels, oocyte secretion factors, apoptosis and lipid metabolism-related gene expression, and subsequent embryonic development during the maturation of sheep oocytes.

Effects of Leonurine on oocyte maturation and parthenogenetic embryo development in sheep.

Leonurine (LEO), an alkaloid isolated from Leonurus spp., has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects and can prevent damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). These properties suggest that it can improve the maturation rate of oocytes and developmental ability of embryos, which are key parameters in animal breeding.

Examining the function of macrophage oxidative stress response and immune system in glioblastoma multiforme through analysis of single-cell transcriptomics.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM), a prevalent malignant neoplasm within the neuro-oncological domain, has been a subject of considerable scrutiny. Macrophages, serving as the principal immunological constituents, profoundly infiltrate the microenvironment of GBM. However, investigations elucidating the intricate immunological mechanisms governing macrophage involvement in GBM at the single-cell level remain notably limited.

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Regulates Lipid Metabolism in Sheep Trophoblast Cells through mTOR Pathway-Mediated Autophagy.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR) is a key nuclear receptor transcription factor that is highly expressed in trophoblastic cells during embryonic attachment and is accompanied by rapid cell proliferation and increased lipid accumulation. We previously showed that the autophagy pathway is activated in cells after activation of PPAR, accompanied by increased lipid accumulation. In this study, we used PPAR agonist rosiglitazone and inhibitor GW9662, as well as autophagy activator rapamycin and inhibitor 3-methyladenine, to unravel the probable mechanism of PPAR engaged in lipid metabolism in sheep trophoblast cells (STCs).

FABP4 mediates endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy to regulate endometrial epithelial cell function during early sheep gestation.

Dynamic changes in the endometrium are crucial for establishing early pregnancy in ruminants. Blastocyst elongation and implantation require hormones and nutrients to be secreted from the maternal endometrium. The fatty acid-binding protein FABP4 is a widely expressed fatty acid transport protein that promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and is involved in conceptus implantation.

PPARγ regulates lipid metabolism and viability of sheep trophoblast cells.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is highly expressed in trophoblast tissues in pregnancy during which the protein participates in diverse events, including embryo implantation and placental formation. However, little is known about the role of PPARγ in embryonic development. This study investigated the function of PPARγ in sheep trophoblast cells.

Using a modified piggyBac transposon-combined Cre/loxP system to produce selectable reporter-free transgenic bovine mammary epithelial cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer.

Transposon systems are widely used for genetic engineering in various model organisms. PiggyBac (PB) has recently been confirmed to have highly efficient transposition in the mouse germ line and mammalian cell lines. In this study, we used a modified PB transposon system mediated by PB transposase (PBase) mRNA carrying the human lactoferrin gene driven by bovine β-casein promoter to transfect bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs), and the selectable reporter in two stable transgenic BMEC clones was removed using cell-permeant Cre recombinase.

PPARγ/mTOR Regulates the Synthesis and Release of Prostaglandins in Ovine Trophoblast Cells in Early Pregnancy.

Trophoblast cells synthesize and secrete prostaglandins (PGs), which are essential for ruminants in early gestation to recognize pregnancy. Hormones in the intrauterine environment play an important role in regulating PGs synthesis during implantation, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, co-treatment of sheep trophoblast cells (STCs) with progesterone (P), estradiol (E), and interferon-tau (IFN-τ) increased the ratio of prostaglandin E2 (PGE) to prostaglandin F2α (PGF) and upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expression, while inhibiting the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and activating cellular autophagy.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Cellular and Transcriptional Changes Associated With Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is currently a substantial public health problem and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the cellular and transcriptional changes in TBI at single-cell level have not been well characterized. In this study, we reanalyzed a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset of mouse hippocampus to identify the key cellular and transcriptional changes associated with TBI.

Establishment and characterization of a sheep endometrial epithelial cell line.

Endometrial epithelial cells play a significant role in the "dialogue" between the embryo and the mother, but in vitro studies to clarify this are hampered by the limited lifespan of primary cells. As such, it is necessary to develop an in vitro model to study endometrial function. Morphological analysis showed that the pEECs were homogeneous, formed characteristic cobblestone monolayers, and expressed the epithelial cell-specific marker, cytokeratin 18.

Application of Deep Learning Technology in Glioma.

A common and most basic brain tumor is glioma that is exceptionally dangerous to health of various patients. A glioma segmentation, which is primarily magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) oriented, is considered as one of common tools developed for doctors. These doctors use this system to examine, analyse, and diagnose appearance of the glioma's outward for both patients, i.

Identification and analysis of microRNAs-mRNAs pairs associated with nutritional status in seasonal sheep.

Given the important role of nutritional status for reproductive performance, we aimed to explore the potential microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA pairs and their regulatory roles associated with nutritional status in seasonal reproducing sheep. Individual ewes were treated with and without 0.3 kg/day concentrates, and the body condition score, estrus rate, and related miRNAs and target genes were compared.

[Construction of a general piggyBac transposon inducible cell immortalization vector and verification of its basic properties].

In order to construct generally efficient cell immortalization vector, pTP-hTERT, we modified the traditional piggyBac (PB) transposon using artificial synthesis, PCR and enzyme digestion. The modified vector contained the necessary transposon elements, a PB transposase expression cassette, a co-expression selectable element and a human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression cassette. The co-expression selectable element had two markers, enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene and puromycin-resistance (Puro) gene, linked by porcine teschovirus-1 2A peptide (P2A).

Characteristic and functional analysis of a newly established porcine small intestinal epithelial cell line.

The mucosal surface of intestine is continuously exposed to both potential pathogens and beneficial commensal microorganisms. Recent findings suggest that intestinal epithelial cells, which once considered as a simple physical barrier, are a crucial cell lineage necessary for maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis. Therefore, establishing a stable and reliable intestinal epithelial cell line for future research on the mucosal immune system is necessary.

Recombinant human growth differentiation factor-9 improves oocyte reprogramming competence and subsequent development of bovine cloned embryos.

Previously, we found that oocyte-secreted factors (OSFs) secreted by denuded oocytes during in vitro maturation (IVM) enhance subsequent development of bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. This treatment requires many oocytes during IVM. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate whether supplementing with recombinant growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF9), one of crucial OFSs, in oocyte maturation medium could improve developmental competence of bovine oocytes and subsequent development of cloned embryos.

Immortalized porcine intestinal epithelial cell cultures susceptible to porcine rotavirus infection.

In vitro studies related to various viral pathogenesis in swine have been hampered by the lack of relevant porcine cell lines. The susceptibility to porcine rotavirus infection was evaluated by using a newly established porcine intestinal epithelial cell line. Immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin confirmed that the cultured cells were epithelial cells.

Generation of mastitis resistance in cows by targeting human lysozyme gene to β-casein locus using zinc-finger nucleases.

Mastitis costs the dairy industry billions of dollars annually and is the most consequential disease of dairy cattle. Transgenic cows secreting an antimicrobial peptide demonstrated resistance to mastitis. The combination of somatic cell gene targeting and nuclear transfer provides a powerful method to produce transgenic animals.

PhiC31 integrase-mediated genomic integration and stable gene expression in the mouse mammary gland after gene electrotransfer.

Background: PhiC31 integrase is capable of conferring long-term transgene expression in various transfected tissues in vivo. In the present study, we investigated the activity of phiC31 integrase in mouse mammary glands.

Methods: The normal mouse mammary epithelial cell line HC11 was transfected with FuGENE® HD Transfection Reagent (Roche Diagnostics, Shanghai, China).

Establishment and evaluation of a stable cattle type II alveolar epithelial cell line.

Macrophages and dendritic cells are recognized as key players in the defense against mycobacterial infection. Recent research has confirmed that alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) also play important roles against mycobacterium infections. Thus, establishing a stable cattle AEC line for future endogenous immune research on bacterial invasion is necessary.

Chicken hypersensitive site-4 insulator increases human serum albumin expression in bovine mammary epithelial cells modified with phiC31 integrase.

Achieving high expression levels of recombinant human serum albumin (HSA) for purification is a solution for the large amount of plasma-derived HSA needed in therapeutic applications. Here, we employed phiC31 integrase system and chicken hypersensitive site-4 (cHS4) insulators to construct a HSA expression vector for high-level HSA expression. The phiC31 integrase system mediated efficient transgene integration in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs).

[Detection and sequences analysis of bovine hepatitis E virus RNA in Xinjiang Autonomous Region].

Reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) was used to detect HEV (Hepatitis E virus, HEV) RNA in dung or anus-swab samples collected from the cows with the positive anti-HEV antibodies in dairy farms in Xinjiang Autonomous Region. 7 of 60 (11.67%) cows were positive for HEV RNA in one farm.