Recognition of a salivary effector by the TNL protein RCSP promotes effector-triggered immunity and systemic resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana.

Insects secret chemosensory proteins (CSPs) into plant cells as potential effector proteins during feeding. The molecular mechanisms underlying how CSPs activate plant immunity remain largely unknown. We show that CSPs from six distinct insect orders induce dwarfism when overexpressed in Nicotiana benthamiana.

Recent Advances in the Genetic and Biochemical Mechanisms of Rice Resistance to Brown Planthoppers ( Stål).

Rice ( L.) is the staple food of more than half of Earth's population. Brown planthopper ( Stål, BPH) is a host-specific pest of rice responsible for inducing major losses in rice production.

Large scale rice germplasm screening for identification of novel brown planthopper resistance sources.

Unlabelled: Rice ( L.) is a staple food crop globally. Brown planthopper ( Stål, BPH) is the most destructive insect that threatens rice production annually.

Bulked Segregant RNA Sequencing Revealed Difference Between Virulent and Avirulent Brown Planthoppers.

The brown planthopper ( Stål, BPH) is one of the most devastating insect pests of rice ( L.), but BPH populations have varying degrees of virulence to rice varieties carrying different resistance genes. To help efforts to characterize these variations we applied bulked segregant RNA sequencing (BSR-seq) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and genetic loci associated with BPH virulence to YHY15 rice plants carrying the resistance gene BPHs that are highly virulent or avirulent to these plants were selected from an F2 population to form two contrasting bulks, and BSR-seq identified 751 DEGs between the bulks.

Transcriptome and Metabolome Profiling Reveal the Resistance Mechanisms of Rice against Brown Planthopper.

Brown planthopper (, BPH) is one of the most destructive insects affecting rice production. To better understand the physiological mechanisms of how rice responds to BPH feeding, we analyzed BPH-induced transcriptomic and metabolic changes in leaf sheaths of both BPH-susceptible and -resistant rice varieties. Our results demonstrated that the resistant rice reduced the settling, feeding and growth of BPH.

Necessity of rice resistance to planthoppers for OsEXO70H3 regulating SAMSL excretion and lignin deposition in cell walls.

The planthopper resistance gene Bph6 encodes a protein that interacts with OsEXO70E1. EXO70 forms a family of paralogues in rice. We hypothesized that the EXO70-dependent trafficking pathway affects the excretion of resistance-related proteins, thus impacting plant resistance to planthoppers.

Rice functional genomics: decades' efforts and roads ahead.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops in the world. Since the completion of rice reference genome sequences, tremendous progress has been achieved in understanding the molecular mechanisms on various rice traits and dissecting the underlying regulatory networks.

Balancing selection and wild gene pool contribute to resistance in global rice germplasm against planthopper.

Interactions and co-evolution between plants and herbivorous insects are critically important in agriculture. Brown planthopper (BPH) is the most severe insect of rice, and the biotypes adapt to feed on different rice genotypes. Here, we present genomics analyses on 1,520 global rice germplasms for resistance to three BPH biotypes.

Bph30 confers resistance to brown planthopper by fortifying sclerenchyma in rice leaf sheaths.

Phloem-feeding insects cause massive losses in agriculture and horticulture. Host plant resistance to phloem-feeding insects is often mediated by changes in phloem composition, which deter insect settling and feeding and decrease viability. Here, we report that rice plant resistance to the phloem-feeding brown planthopper (BPH) is associated with fortification of the sclerenchyma tissue, which is located just beneath the epidermis and a cell layer or two away from the vascular bundle in the rice leaf sheath.

Molecular and functional analysis of a brown planthopper resistance protein with two nucleotide-binding site domains.

The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål, BPH) resistance gene BPH9 encodes an unusual coiled-coil (CC) nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein with two nucleotide-binding site (NBS) domains. To understand how this CC-NBS-NBS-LRR (CNNL) protein regulates defense signaling and BPH resistance, we dissected each domain's functions. The CC domain of BPH9 self-associated and was sufficient to induce cell death.

Genetic and molecular understanding of host rice resistance and Nilaparvata lugens adaptation.

The variability of brown planthopper (BPH) populations and diversity of the host rice germplasm provide an ideal model for exploring the genetic and molecular basis of insect-plant interactions. During the long-term evolutionary arms race, complicated feeding and defense strategies have developed in BPH and rice. Nine major BPH resistance genes have been cloned and the exploration of BPH resistance genes medicated mechanism against BPH shed a light on the molecular basis of the rice-BPH interaction.

Lipidomic analyses reveal enhanced lipolysis in planthoppers feeding on resistant host plants.

The brown planthopper (BPH) (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) is a highly destructive pest that seriously damages rice (Oryza sativa L.) and causes severe yield losses. To better understand the physiological and metabolic mechanisms through which BPHs respond to resistant rice, we combined mass-spectrometry-based lipidomics with transcriptomic analysis and gene knockdown techniques to compare the lipidomes of BPHs feeding on either of the two resistant (NIL-Bph6 and NIL-Bph9) plants or a wild-type, BPH susceptible (9311) plant.

Salivary Protein 1 of Brown Planthopper Is Required for Survival and Induces Immunity Response in Plants.

The brown planthopper (BPH), Stål, is one of the major pests of rice. It uses its stylet to penetrate rice phloem, feeding on rice sap and causing direct damage to rice or even plant death. During the feeding process, BPHs secrete saliva into plant tissues, which plays crucial roles in the plant-insect interactions.

A combined microRNA and transcriptome analyses illuminates the resistance response of rice against brown planthopper.

Background: The brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens Stål) is a kind of phloem-feeding pest that adversely affects rice yield. Recently, the BPH-resistance gene, BPH6, was cloned and applied in rice breeding to effectively control BPH. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying BPH6 are poorly understood.

Combining next-generation sequencing and single-molecule sequencing to explore brown plant hopper responses to contrasting genotypes of japonica rice.

Background: The brown plant hopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, is one of the major pest of rice (Oryza sativa). Plant defenses against insect herbivores have been extensively studied, but our understanding of insect responses to host plants' resistance mechanisms is still limited. The purpose of this study is to characterize transcripts of BPH and reveal the responses of BPH insects to resistant rice at transcription level by using the advanced molecular techniques, the next-generation sequencing (NGS) and the single-molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing.

Lipid profiles reveal different responses to brown planthopper infestation for pest susceptible and resistant rice plants.

Introduction: Brown planthopper (BPH) is the most destructive insect pest for rice, causing major reductions in rice yield and large economic losses. More than 31 BPH-resistance genes have been located, and several of them have been isolated. Nevertheless, the metabolic mechanism related to BPH-resistance genes remain uncharacterized.

Secretome Analysis and In Planta Expression of Salivary Proteins Identify Candidate Effectors from the Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens.

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is a phloem sap-feeding insect. During feeding on rice plants, BPH secretes salivary proteins with potential effector functions, which may play a critical role in the plant-insect interactions. However, a limited number of BPH effector proteins have been identified to date.

Bph6 encodes an exocyst-localized protein and confers broad resistance to planthoppers in rice.

The brown planthopper (BPH) and white-backed planthopper (WBPH) are the most destructive insect pests of rice, and they pose serious threats to rice production throughout Asia. Thus, there are urgent needs to identify resistance-conferring genes and to breed planthopper-resistant rice varieties. Here we report the map-based cloning and functional analysis of Bph6, a gene that confers resistance to planthoppers in rice.