Fluid-Actuated Nano-Micro-Macro Structure Morphing Enables Smart Multispectrum Compatible Stealth.

Modern detection technology has driven camouflage technology toward multispectral compatibility and dynamic regulation. However, developing such stealth technologies is challenging due to different frequency-band principles. Here, this work proposes a design concept for a fluid-actuated multispectral compatible smart stealth device that employs a deformable mechanochromic layer/elastomer with a channeled dielectric layer.

A Rapidly Assembled and Camouflage-Monitoring-protection Integrated Modular Unit.

Optical-electromagnetic compatible devices are urgently required in intelligent building monitors and cross-band protection. Meanwhile, the insufficient systematicness and semi-empirical attempts significantly limit the prosperity of cross-band materials, causing enormous challenges for deviceization and material database construction. Herein, the systematical component-deviceization-machine learning prediction-array construction strategy is attempted to solve the bottleneck issues.

Magneto-Dielectric Synergy and Multiscale Hierarchical Structure Design Enable Flexible Multipurpose Microwave Absorption and Infrared Stealth Compatibility.

Developing advanced stealth devices to cope with radar-infrared (IR) fusion detection and diverse application scenarios is increasingly demanded, which faces significant challenges due to conflicting microwave and IR cloaking mechanisms and functional integration limitations. Here, we propose a multiscale hierarchical structure design, integrating wrinkled MXene IR shielding layer and flexible FeO@C/PDMS microwave absorption layer. The top wrinkled MXene layer induces the intensive diffuse reflection effect, shielding IR radiation signals while allowing microwave to pass through.

Aerogel-Involved Triple-State Gels Resemble Natural Living Leaves in Structure and Multi-Functions.

Natural plant leaves with multiple functions, for example, spectral features, transpiration, photosynthesis, etc., have played a significant role in the ecosystem, and artificial synthesis of plant leaves with multiple functions of natural ones is still a great challenge. Herein, this work presents an aerogel-involved living leaf (AL), most similar to natural ones so far, by embedding super-hydrophobic SiO aerogel microparticles in polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel in the presence of hygroscopic salt and chlorophyllin copper sodium to form solid-liquid-vapor triple-state gel.

Achieving Ultra-Broad Microwave Absorption Bandwidth Around Millimeter-Wave Atmospheric Window Through an Intentional Manipulation on Multi-Magnetic Resonance Behavior.

The utilization of electromagnetic waves is rapidly advancing into the millimeter-wave frequency range, posing increasingly severe challenges in terms of electromagnetic pollution prevention and radar stealth. However, existing millimeter-wave absorbers are still inadequate in addressing these issues due to their monotonous magnetic resonance pattern. In this work, rare-earth La and non-magnetic Zr ions are simultaneously incorporated into M-type barium ferrite (BaM) to intentionally manipulate the multi-magnetic resonance behavior.

MXene-Enabled Pneumatic Multiscale Shape Morphing for Adaptive, Programmable and Multimodal Radar-infrared Compatible Camouflage.

Achieving radar-infrared compatible camouflage with dynamic adaptability has been a long-sought goal, but faces significant challenges owing to the limited dispersion relations of conventional material systems operating in different wavelength ranges. Here, this work proposes the concept of pneumatic multiscale shape morphing and design a periodically arranged pneumatic unit consisting of MXene-based morphable conductors and intake platforms. During gas actuation, the morphable conductor transforms centimeter-scale 2D flat sheets into 3D balloon shapes to enhance microwave absorption behavior, and also reconfigures micrometer-scale MXene wrinkles into smooth planes in combination with cavity-induced low heat transfer to minimize infrared (IR) signatures.

Multi-interfacial bridging engineering of flexible MXene film for efficient electromagnetic shielding and energy conversion.

Accompanied by the progressive development of electronic equipment, excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials display a satisfying prospect in protecting electronic devices against electromagnetic pollution/radiation, while integrating energy conversion. Heretofore, it remains a conundrum to availably construct thin films with multi-interfacial bridging engineering as multifunctional shielding devices. To effectively achieve electromagnetic wave attenuation and integrate energy conversion, a co-mixed vacuum-assisted filtration strategy is designed to synthesize Au@MXene/cellulose nanocrystal/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid-doped polyaniline (AMCP) films.

Pneumatic Structural Deformation to Enhance Resonance Behavior for Broadband and Adaptive Radar Stealth.

Ideal radar absorbing materials (RAMs) require instantaneous, programmable, and spontaneous adaptability to cope with a complex electromagnetic (EM) environment across the full working frequency. Despite various material systems and adaptive mechanisms having been demonstrated, it remains a formidable challenge to integrate these benefits simultaneously. Here, we present a pneumatic matrix that couples morphable MXene/elastomer conductors with dielectric spacers, which leverages controllable airflow to reconfigure the spatial structure between a flat sheet and a hemispherical crown while maintaining resistance stability via wrinkle folding and unfolding.

Dendrimer-assisted defect and morphology regulation for improving optical, hyperthermia, and microwave-absorbing features.

Electromagnetic pollution and cancer are phenomena that essentially endanger the future of humanity. Herein, multiple approaches are being proposed to solve the aforementioned issues. Recent studies have demonstrated that by regulating the morphology, defect, and phase of materials, their microwave absorbing, optical, and hyperthermia properties are tunable.

Electronic Modulation Strategy for Mass-Producible Ultrastrong Multifunctional Biomass-Based Fiber Aerogel Devices: Interfacial Bridging.

The emergence of green flexible aerogel electronics based on natural materials is expected to solve part of the global environmental and energy crisis. However, it is still challenging to achieve large-scale production and multifunctional stable applications of natural biomass fiber aerogel (BFA) materials. Herein, we exploit the interfacial bridging between the flower-type titanium dioxide nanoarray (FTNA) and natural fiber substrates to modulate the electronic structure and loss mechanism to achieve multifunctional properties.

"Three-in-One" Multi-Scale Structural Design of Carbon Fiber-Based Composites for Personal Electromagnetic Protection and Thermal Management.

Wearable devices with efficient thermal management and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding are highly desirable for improving human comfort and safety. Herein, a multifunctional wearable carbon fibers (CF) @ polyaniline (PANI) / silver nanowires (Ag NWs) composites with a "branch-trunk" interlocked micro/nanostructure were achieved through "three-in-one" multi-scale design. The reasonable assembly of the three kinds of one-dimensional (1D) materials can fully exert their excellent properties i.

An Adaptive Multispectral Mechano-Optical System for Multipurpose Applications.

Mechano-optical systems with on-demand adaptability and a broad spectrum from the visible to microwave are critical for complex multiband electromagnetic (EM) applications. Most existing material systems merely have dynamic optical or microwave tunability because their EM wave response is strongly wavelength-dependent. Inspired by cephalopod skin, we develop an adaptive multispectral mechano-optical system based on bilayer acrylic dielectric elastomer (ADE)/silver nanowire (AgNW) films, which reconfigures the surface morphology between wrinkles and cracks via mechanical contraction and stretching.

Multi-interfacial engineering in the hierarchical self-assembled micro-nano dielectric aerogel for wide-band absorption and low infrared emissivity.

Radar-infrared (IR) compatible stealth can satisfy the characteristics of excellent electromagnetic wave attenuation property and low infrared emissivity. However, concurrently satisfying these demands is still a great challenge at present. Herein, multi-interfacial engineering strategy was proposed for the preparation of radar-IR compatible stealth materials.

Green, Sustainable Architectural Bamboo with High Light Transmission and Excellent Electromagnetic Shielding as a Candidate for Energy-Saving Buildings.

Currently, light-transmitting, energy-saving, and electromagnetic shielding materials are essential for reducing indoor energy consumption and improving the electromagnetic environment. Here, we developed a cellulose composite with excellent optical transmittance that retained the natural shape and fiber structure of bamboo. The modified whole bamboo possessed an impressive optical transmittance of approximately 60% at 6.

Broadband and High-Efficiency Microwave Absorbers Based on Pyramid Structure.

Microwave-absorbing materials with wide bandwidth and high absorptivity are increasingly playing an important role in over-the-air (OTA) testing. In this work, a kind of pyramid absorbing material was prepared using flame-retardant absorbers as the filler. In addition, a coating was used to further improve the flame-retardant properties of the microwave-absorbing material.

A Lightweight, Elastic, and Thermally Insulating Stealth Foam With High Infrared-Radar Compatibility.

The development of infrared-radar compatible materials/devices is challenging because the requirements of material properties between infrared and radar stealth are contradictory. Herein, a composite of poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) coated melamine foam is designed to integrate the advantages of the dual materials and the created heterogeneous interface between them. The as-designed PEDOT:PSS@melamine composite shows excellent mechanical properties, outstanding thermal insulation, and improved thermal infrared stealth performance.

Ultrabroad Microwave Absorption Ability and Infrared Stealth Property of Nano-Micro CuS@rGO Lightweight Aerogels.

Developing ultrabroad radar-infrared compatible stealth materials has turned into a research hotspot, which is still a problem to be solved. Herein, the copper sulfide wrapped by reduced graphene oxide to obtain three-dimensional (3D) porous network composite aerogels (CuS@rGO) were synthesized via thermal reduction ways (hydrothermal, ascorbic acid reduction) and freeze-drying strategy. It was discovered that the phase components (rGO and CuS phases) and micro/nano structure (microporous and nanosheet) were well-modified by modulating the additive amounts of CuS and changing the reduction ways, which resulted in the variation of the pore structure, defects, complex permittivity, microwave absorption, radar cross section (RCS) reduction value and infrared (IR) emissivity.

Multifunctional Integrated Transparent Film for Efficient Electromagnetic Protection.

Silver nanowire (Ag NW) has been considered as the promising building block for the fabrication of transparent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding films. However, the practical application of Ag NW-based EMI shielding films has been restricted due to the unsatisfactory stability of Ag NW. Herein, we proposed a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) decorated Ag NW film, which realizes a seamless integration of optical transparency, highly efficient EMI shielding, reliable durability and stability.

Heterointerface Engineering in Electromagnetic Absorbers: New Insights and Opportunities.

Electromagnetic (EM) absorbers play an increasingly essential role in the electronic information age, even toward the coming "intelligent era". The remarkable merits of heterointerface engineering and its peculiar EM characteristics inject a fresh and infinite vitality for designing high-efficiency and stimuli-responsive EM absorbers. However, there still exist huge challenges in understanding and reinforcing these interface effects from the micro and macro perspectives.

Flexible and transparent silver nanowires/biopolymer film for high-efficient electromagnetic interference shielding.

Flexible and transparent conductive films are highly desirable in some optoelectronic devices, such as smart windows, touch panels, as well as displays and electromagnetic protection field. Silver nanowire (Ag NW) has been considered as the best material to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) to fabricate flexible transparent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding films due to its superior comprehensive performance. However, the common substrates supporting Ag NWs require surface modification to enhance the adhesion with Ag NWs.

A breathable and flexible fiber cloth based on cellulose/polyaniline cellular membrane for microwave shielding and absorbing applications.

High-performance electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption and shielding materials integrating with flexibility, air permeability, and anti-fatigue characteristics are of great potential in portable and wearable electronics. These materials usually prepared by depositing metal or alloy coatings on fabrics. However, the shortcomings of heavy weight and easy corrosion hamper its application.

Enhanced Microwave Absorbing Ability of Carbon Fibers with Embedded FeCo/CoFeO Nanoparticles.

In the face of increasingly severe electromagnetic (EM) wave pollution, the research of EM wave absorbing materials is an effective solution. To reduce the density of traditional absorbing materials, in this work, FeCo/CoFeO/carbon nanofiber composites were successfully prepared by electrospinning for the EM wave attenuation application. Benefiting from the loss ability of interface polarization, dipole polarization, and magnetic loss, the composites obtained a bandwidth of 5.

Environmentally Friendly and Multifunctional Shaddock Peel-Based Carbon Aerogel for Thermal-Insulation and Microwave Absorption.

The eco-friendly shaddock peel-derived carbon aerogels were prepared by a freeze-drying method. Multiple functions such as thermal insulation, compression resistance and microwave absorption can be integrated into one material-carbon aerogel. Novel computer simulation technology strategy was selected to simulate significant radar cross-sectional reduction values under real far field condition.

A Flexible and Lightweight Biomass-Reinforced Microwave Absorber.

Developing a flexible, lightweight and effective electromagnetic (EM) absorber remains challenging despite being on increasing demand as more wearable devices and portable electronics are commercialized. Herein, we report a flexible and lightweight hybrid paper by a facile vacuum-filtration-induced self-assembly process, in which cotton-derived carbon fibers serve as flexible skeletons, compactly surrounded by other microwave-attenuating components (reduced graphene oxide and FeO@C nanowires). Owing to its unique architecture and synergy of the three components, the as-prepared hybrid paper exhibits flexible and lightweight features as well as superb microwave absorption performance.