Densovirus infection facilitates plant-virus transmission by an aphid.

The interactions among plant viruses, insect vectors, and host plants have been well studied; however, the roles of insect viruses in this system have largely been neglected. We investigated the effects of MpnDV infection on aphid and PVY transmission using bioassays, RNA interference (RNAi), and GC-MS methods and green peach aphid (Myzus persicae (Sulzer)), potato virus Y (PVY), and densovirus (Myzus persicae nicotianae densovirus, MpnDV) as model systems. MpnDV increased the activities of its host, promoting population dispersal and leading to significant proliferation in tobacco plants by significantly enhancing the titer of the sesquiterpene (E)-β-farnesene (EβF) via up-regulation of expression levels of the MpFPPS1 gene.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of General Practitioners Toward Screening of Age-Related Hearing Loss in Community: A Cross-Sectional Study in Shanghai, China.

Background: Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is experiencing a continuously rising in prevalence among the elderly worldwide. General practitioners (GPs) may have a unique position in its community detection and management.

Objective: This study aims to assess the KAP of GPs regarding ARHL through questionnaire, to investigate the role of them in the management and to propose strategies for the hearing screening within the community.

Pulmonary cryptococcosis closely mimicking lung cancer in a membranous nephropathy patient taking calcineurin inhibitor.

In patients with membranous nephropathy (MN), malignancy may be either the underlying disease or results of immunosuppressive therapy which may also lead to opportunistic infections including the pulmonary cryptococcosis. On CT scan, nodule is the most common feature in pulmonary cryptococcosis and it can mimic lung cancer both clinically and radiologically. Therefore, pulmonary nodular lesions caused by cryptococcosis may be easily misdiagnosed and require unnecessary surgical treatment.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis secondary to hemodialysis catheter-related bloodstream infection caused by Corynebacterium Striatum.

Background: We herein described the coexistence of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, alternatively known as the Kikuchi disease (KD), secondary to hemodialysis catheter-related bloodstream infection (BSI) caused by Corynebacterium striatum.

Case Presentation: A patient on maintenance hemodialysis had developed persistent fever and Corynebacterium striatum was subsequently identified from the culture of both catheter tip and peripheral blood. During mitigation of the BSI, however, his fever was unabated and ensuing workup further found thrombocytopenia, hyperferritinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low NK cell activity and a surge in serum CD25 levels.

Construction and Effect of the Three-Level and Two-Stage Screening Mode for Age-Related Hearing Loss: A Study Based on the Community in Shanghai, China.

Background: There is a high incidence rate of age-related hearing loss. Severe hearing loss may increase the prevalence of mental illness, cognitive impairment, and even the risk of all-cause death.

Purpose: Construction of the three-level and two-stage screening mode for age-related hearing loss of the community and to evaluate its effectiveness.

Pulmonary tumor embolism in a maintenance hemodialysis patient with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Patients with chronic kidney disease are already at an increased risk for pulmonary embolism, since loss of renal function rendered a procoagulant state. Further, malignant tumor is a well-established risk factor for pulmonary thromboembolism. Alternatively, occlusion of the pulmonary vasculature by tumor cells per se and associated thrombi may mimic thromboembolic disease.

A novel GJA5 variant associated with increased risk of essential hypertension.

Objectives: Gap junction protein alpha 5 (GJA5), also termed connexin 40 (Cx40), exerts a pivotal role in the mediation of vascular wall tone and two closely-linked polymorphisms in the promoter (-44G>A and +71A>G) have been associated with enhanced susceptibility to essential hypertension (EH) in men. The present investigation aimed to ascertain whether a novel common polymorphism within the upstream regulatory region of (transcript 1B), -26A>G (rs10465885), confers an increased risk of EH.

Methods: For this investigation, 380 unrelated patients with EH and 396 unrelated normotensive individuals employed as control persons were enrolled from the Chinese Han-ethnicity population, and their genotypes and plasma renin concentrations were determined by Sanger sequencing and an automated chemiluminescent immunoassay, respectively.

Delivery of Methoprene-Tolerant dsRNA to Improve RNAi Efficiency by Modified Liposomes for Pest Control.

The application of RNA interference (RNAi) technology for pest control is environmentally friendly and accurate. However, the efficiency of RNAi is often inconsistent and unreliable, and finding a suitable carrier element is considered critical to success in overcoming biotic and abiotic barriers to reach the target site. The fall armyworm, (FAW), which is one of most important global agricultural pests, has recently spread rapidly to other parts of the world.

Screening of Insecticidal and Antifungal Activities of the Culturable Fungi Isolated from the Intertidal Zones of Qingdao, China.

Numerous studies focused on drug discovery perspective have proved the great potential for exploration of marine-derived fungi to seek bioactive chemicals. Yet, marine-derived fungi are less explored compared to their terrestrial counterparts. Here, 181 fungal strains (134 species) isolated from marine algae and sediment in Chinese intertidal zones were screened to reveal bioactivities using brine shrimp, green peach aphid and plant pathogens as targets.

Circ_0008529 Contributes to Renal Tubular Cell Dysfunction in High Glucose Stress via miR-185-5p/SMAD2 Pathway in Diabetic Nephropathy.

Circular RNA (circRNA) is key regulator of diabetic nephropathy (DN) progression. However, the role of circ_0008529 in DN progression remains to be better deciphered. Cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis and inflammation were measured by MTS assay, flow cytometry and corresponding assay kits.

Scoop thrombectomy: A declotting technique for the treatment of thrombosed autologous arteriovenous fistula. A single-center retrospective study.

Background: Thrombosis is one of the main complications leading to the failure of autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for patients with renal failure. Thrombectomy is one of the major therapies to remove thrombi to salvage the AVF and prolong its patency.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-six patients with AVF thrombosis at the anastomosis were recruited for this study and underwent thrombectomy procedures.

Suppression of lncRNA GAS6-AS2 alleviates sepsis-related acute kidney injury through regulating the miR-136-5p/OXSR1 axis and .

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of sepsis and increase morbidity and mortality. Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) GAS6-AS2 was related to inflammation and apoptosis in different diseases by regulating miRNAs and downstream genes, but its role in AKI remains unclear. Thus, we speculated that GAS6-AS2 might function in sepsis-related AKI regulating target genes.

Challenge of evolving infection in patients on hemodialysis: from the classic strain to the carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent one.

Loss of renal function may render hemodialysis patients more susceptible to infectious diseases, which is the second of all-causes mortality in this population. In addition to infection caused by the classic (cKp), however, hemodialysis staffs are now facing new challenge with growing prevalence of the carbapenem-resistant Kp (CR-Kp) and hypervirulent Kp (hvKp) as they are respectively associated with increased drug-resistance and virulence. We therefore chose to share our recent experience in treating severe infections either caused (cKp, CR-Kp, hvKp) or complicated (CR-hvKp) by these strains in hemodialysis patients.

CircSMAD4 alleviates high glucose-induced inflammation, extracellular matrix deposition and apoptosis in mouse glomerulus mesangial cells by relieving miR-377-3p-mediated BMP7 inhibition.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. Accumulating studies suggest that the deregulation of circular RNA (circRNA) is involved in DN pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the role of circSMAD4 in DN models.

Sequencing and phylogenetic characterization of a novel RNA virus in Arma chinensis.

The complete genome of a novel virus from Arma chinensis was determined by RNA sequencing and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. This virus has a single-stranded RNA genome of 10,540 nucleotides (nt) excluding the poly(A) tail. Two non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) in the sense direction were predicted: one long ORF at the 5' end of the genome (6,219 nt) that encodes a polypeptide of 2,072 amino acids (aa), and one short ORF at the 3' end of the genome (3,033 nt) that encodes a polypeptide of 1,010 aa.

Efficacy of an improved method to screen semiochemicals of insect.

Background: A combination of gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is typically used to screen active compounds that play a role in the regulation of insect behavior. This method uses two kinds of gas chromatography (GC) equipment and needs to compare compounds between the two chromatograms, and it is tedious and costly. To improve detection efficiency, as well as reduce costs and the rate of missed detection, we designed a system connecting gas chromatography (GC), electroantennography (EAG), and mass spectrometry (MS), with MS used instead of the flame ionization detector (FID) as the GC-EAD detector.

Sequencing and phylogenetic characterization of a novel Polerovirus from Nicotiana tabacum.

In this study, we reported the complete genome of a novel Polerovirus, named Tobacco yellow virus (TYV), which can be transmitted by Myzus persicae. TYV had a single-stranded RNA genome of 5735 nucleotides in length and contained six putative open reading frames (ORFs). Phylogenetic analysis with whole genome nucleotide sequences and amino acid sequences deduced from the conserved domain of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, clustered TYV with Potato leafroll virus from the genus Polerovirus with high bootstrap values.

First report of Colletotrichum chlorophyti causing peanut anthracnose in China.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil crop - mainly in Shandong and Henan Provinces, in China. In 2018-2019, the occurrence of a black spot disease on the leaves and stems were found in two fields (a total of 10 ha) in Niulingguanzhuang village of Yishui county in Linyi, Shandong Province, China, and 20% to 40% of plants were infected, thereby reducing the amount of marketable product.

Characterization of diketopiperazine heterodimers as potential chemical markers for discrimination of two dominant black aspergilli, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tubingensis.

Black aspergilli are distributed worldwide and represent one of the most prolific sources of metabolites with biomedical and agrochemical interests. However, due to their similar morphological characteristics and insufficient molecular identification, the taxonomic classification of black aspergilli remains ill-defined. The production of specialised metabolites is often unique for species among black aspergilli and could be used as diagnostic chemical markers for species identification.

Biocontrol of tobacco black shank disease (Phytophthora nicotianae) by Bacillus velezensis Ba168.

Tobacco black shank (TBS) caused by Phytophthora nicotianae is destructive to almost all tobacco cultivars and is widespread in many tobacco-growing countries. Through lab study and field test, we isolated plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strain Ba168 which is a promising biocontrol strain of TBS. Ba168 was isolated from 168 soil samples and identified as Bacillus velezensis by its genetic and phenotypic characteristics.

Sequencing and phylogenetic characterization of a novel RNA virus genome from Harmonia axyridis.

As a natural predator of many insect pests on its native Asian range, Harmonia axyridis remains amongst the insects whose pathogenic or beneficial microorganisms are yet to be studied. The genome nucleotide (nt) and amino acid sequences of open reading frames (ORFs) of the novel RNA virus were identified. Neighbor-joining (NJ) were constructed using MEGA7 software packages with nt sequences and conserved amino acid sequences of predicted RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp).

Analogous and Diverse Functions of APSES-Type Transcription Factors in the Morphogenesis of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium rileyi.

APSES-type transcription factors (TFs) have analogous and diverse functions in the regulation of fungal morphogenesis processes. However, little is known about these functions in microsclerotium formation. In this study, we characterized two orthologous APSES genes ( and ) in the entomopathogenic fungus Deletion of either or impaired dimorphic transition, conidiation, fungal virulence, and microsclerotium formation.