Revisiting avian 'missing' genes from de novo assembled transcripts.

Background: Argument remains as to whether birds have lost genes compared with mammals and non-avian vertebrates during speciation. High quality-reference gene sets are necessary for precisely evaluating gene gain and loss. It is essential to explore new reference transcripts from large-scale de novo assembled transcriptomes to recover the potential hidden genes in avian genomes.

[Clinical analysis of 71 cases of multiple primary cancers in head and neck squamous carcinomas].

Objective: To study the location, treatment, life status of multiple primary cancers (MPCs) in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.

Methods: The clinical data of 71 head and neck squamous carcinoma patients with MPCs were retrospectively analyzed.

Results: MPCs were seen in head and neck regions in 27 cases and in remote organs in 42 cases, two of which were triplicate primary cancers.