Recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing functional peptide and its effect on blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) in two state of stress.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of recombinant Bacillus subtilis CM66-P4' (secreting P4, which related to previous research in this laboratory) on the antioxidant capacity and immune function of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) through in vitro and in vivo experiment. The culture experiment was divided into 3 groups, including control group (CG, with no additional bacteria), original bacteria group (OBG, with 2 × 10 CFU/kg Bacillus subtilis CM66) and recombinant bacteria group (RBG, with 2 × 10 CFU/kg Bacillus subtilis CM66-P4'). After 8 weeks of feeding, a part of the fish were subjected to fishing stress, and the rest were subjected to starvation stress test.

Molecular cloning and functional characterization of mitochondrial RNA splicing 2 in fish Megalobrama amblycephala, and its potential roles in magnesium homeostasis and mitochondrial function.

Mitochondrial function can be regulated by ion channels. Mitochondrial RNA splicing 2 (Mrs2) is a magnesium ion (Mg) channel located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, thereby mediating the Mg influx into the mitochondrial matrix. However, its potential role in regulating the Mg homeostasis and mitochondrial function in aquatic species is still unclear.

The P4' Peptide-Carrying in Cottonseed Meal Improves the Chinese Mitten Crab Innate Immunity, Redox Defense, and Growth Performance.

This study developed a recombinant to carry the LGSPDVIVIR peptide (cmP4) isolated from the hydrolyzed products of cottonseed meal with excellent antioxidant and immune-enhancing properties in vitro. It was carried as a tandem of five cmP4 peptides (cmP4') to be stably expressed on a large scale. Then, its effectiveness was evaluated in Chinese mitten crab () based on growth performance, redox defense, and innate immunity.

Effects of a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet on appetite regulation and central AMPK in the hypothalamus of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala).

Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of cellular energy changes and controls food intake. This study investigates the effect of a high-calorie diet (high fat diet [HFD], high carbohydrate diet [HCD] and high energy diet [HED]) on appetite and central AMPK in blunt snout bream. In the present study, fish (average initial weight 45.

High-fat diet alters intestinal microbiota and induces endoplasmic reticulum stress via the activation of apoptosis and inflammation in blunt snout bream.

The primary organ for absorbing dietary fat is the gut. High dietary lipid intake negatively affects health and absorption by causing fat deposition in the intestine. This research explores the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) on intestinal microbiota and its connections with endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation.

Oral bovine serum albumin administration alleviates inflammatory signals and improves antioxidant capacity and immune response under thioacetamide stress in blunt snout bream fed a high-calorie diet.

This investigation looks at the impact of oral bovine serum albumin (BSA) on antioxidants, immune responses, and inflammation signals in blunt snout bream fed a high-calorie diet. 480 fish (average weight: 45.84 ± 0.

Metabolism, antioxidant and immunity in acute and chronic hypoxic stress and the improving effect of vitamin C in the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).

Hypoxia is the most significant factor that threatens the health and even survival of freshwater and marine fish. Priority should be given to the investigation of hypoxia adaptation mechanisms and their subsequent modulation. Acute and chronic studies were designed for the current study.

Dietary Leucine Supplementation Improves Muscle Fiber Growth and Development by Activating AMPK/Sirt1 Pathway in Blunt Snout Bream ().

This research is aimed at evaluating the effects of leucine supplementation on muscle fibers growth and development of blunt snout bream through a feeding trial and a primary muscle cells treatment. An 8-week trial with diets containing 1.61% leucine (LL) or 2.

Interactive effects of dietary leucine and isoleucine affect amino acid profile and metabolism through AKT/TOR signaling pathways in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala).

The purpose of this research is to explore the interaction between dietary leucine and isoleucine levels on whole-body composition, plasma and liver biochemical indexes, amino acids deposition in the liver, and amino acid metabolism of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). The test fish (average weight: 56.00 ± 0.

Feed types affect the growth, nutrient utilization, digestive capabilities, and endocrine functions of Megalobrama amblycephala: a comparative study between pelleted and extruded feed.

Nowadays, both pelleted feed (PF) and extruded feed (EF) have been widely adopted in the aquaculture industry. However, limited information is available comparing their utilization efficiencies and meanwhile interpreting the underlying mechanisms. This study aimed to compare the utilization efficiencies of both PF and EF by blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) based on growth performance, digestive capacities, and endocrine functions.

The Mechanism of Lipopolysaccharide Escaping the Intestinal Barrier in Fed a High-Fat Diet.

With the popularity of western food characterized by excessive fat and sugars, obesity has currently been a public health issue. Low-grade chronic inflammation accompanied by obesity increases the risk of multiple epidemics such as diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Here, we show that feeding with a high-fat diet (HFD) drives obesity-related chronic inflammation and the penetration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Lipid metabolism, immune and apoptosis transcriptomic responses of the hepatopancreas of Chinese mitten crab to the exposure to microcystin-LR.

Global warming is favouring the incidence, intensity and duration of harmful cyanobacterial blooms. Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a hepatotoxic agent, is produced during cyanobacterial blooms. To understand the molecular mechanisms of acute hepatotoxic effect of low doses of MC-LR in crab, we examined differentially expressed genes in samples of the hepatopancreas of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) collected in 48 h after injections of MC-LR at doses of 0, 25, 50, and 75 µg/kg.

Effects of dietary xylooligosaccharide prebiotic supplementation on growth, antioxidant and intestinal immune-related genes expression in common carp Cyprinus carpio fed a high-fat diet.

This study investigated the effects of xylooligosaccharide (XOS) supplementation on growth, intestinal enzyme, antioxidant and immune-related genes in common carp Cyprinus carpio fed a high-fat diet (HFD). One hundred and ninety two fish with an initial weight of 19.61 ± 0.

Evaluation of antioxidant capacity and immunomodulatory effects of yeast hydrolysates for hepatocytes of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala).

An in-vitro study was carried out to examine the effects of yeast hydrolysate (YH) on antioxidant capacity and innate immunity of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) hepatocytes. Fish primary hepatocytes were seeded at a density of 3 × 10 cells mL in 6-well tissue culture plates and treated with two different media including: 1) DMEM/F12 medium (control), and 2) YH medium [DMEM/F12 + 0.1 g L YH].

Molecular characterization and expression pattern of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala): its role of IRE1 involved in inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide.

This study aimed to characterize the full-length cDNA of IRE1 from fish Megalobrama amblycephala and investigate its role in the pro-inflammatory response. A full-length cDNA coding IRE1 was cloned from blunt snout bream by RT-PCR and RACE approaches. The cDNA obtained covered 3665 bp with an open reading frame of 3096 bp encoding 1031 amino acids.

Evaluation of antioxidant capacity and immunomodulatory effects of cottonseed meal protein hydrolysate and its derivative peptides for hepatocytes of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala).

Two in vitro trials were conducted to identify a peptide with antioxidant activity and immunoenhancement from cottonseed meal protein hydrolysate (CPH) for fish. Primary hepatocytes of Megalobrama amblycephala were treated with CPH. In experiment 1, CPH significantly increased aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alanine aminotransferase (GPT), total superoxide dismutase (t-SOD), catalase (CAT), and lysozyme activities, as well as up-regulated SOD, CAT, antimicrobial peptides 1 (Leap 1) and Leap 2 mRNA levels (p < 0.

Influences of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) dietary supplementation on growth, feed utilization, and expression of lipid metabolism genes in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fed a high-fat diet.

An 8-week feeding trial was performed to test the effects of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) on growth and some gene expression of hepatic lipid metabolism in channel catfish (initial body weight, 3.5 ± 0.02 g) fed high-fat diets.

Effects of dietary protein level on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, and gene expressions of the TOR signaling pathway in fingerling Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate effects of dietary protein levels (37, 40, and 43%) on the growth performance, feed utilization, digestive enzyme activity, and gene expressions of target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway in fingerling yellow catfish. One hundred and eighty fingerlings (average weight 0.77 ± 0.

High-fat diet induces aberrant hepatic lipid secretion in blunt snout bream by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated IRE1/XBP1 pathway.

This study was conducted to understand the effect of high-fat diet challenge on lipid transport and endoplasmic reticulum stress in blunt snout bream. Ninety fish (average weight: 41.84 ± 0.

High-fat-diet-induced inflammation depresses the appetite of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) through the transcriptional regulation of leptin/mammalian target of rapamycin.

The aim of this article was to investigate the mechanism of appetite suppression induced by high-fat diets (HFD) in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Fish (average initial weight 40·0 (sem 0·35) g) were fed diets with two fat levels (6 and 11 %) with four replicates. HFD feeding for 30 d could significantly increase the weight gain rate, but feeding for 60 d cannot.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala: molecular characterization, tissue distribution, and the responsiveness to dietary carbohydrate levels.

This study aimed to characterize the full-length cDNA of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) from Megalobrama amblycephala with its responses to dietary carbohydrate levels characterized. The cDNA obtained covered 2768 bp with an open reading frame of 1572 bp. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of conservation (77-97%) among most fish and other higher vertebrates.

The mechanism of action of a fat regulator: Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) stimulating fatty acid transmembrane and intracellular transport in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala).

High-fat diets are associated with fatty liver and aberrant hepatic lipid metabolism, and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) has been shown to exert a beneficial effect on lipolysis and fat deposition in fish. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of GA on the growth performance and expression of hepatic lipid transport related genes in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) fed a high fat diet. Two hundred and sixteen fish (average body weight: 45.

Effects of partial replacement of fish meal by yeast hydrolysate on antioxidant capability, intestinal morphology, and inflammation-related gene expression of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian).

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fish meal (FM) replacement by yeast hydrolysate (YH) on liver antioxidant capability, intestinal morphology, and inflammation-related genes of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). A total of 600 fish (average initial weight 19.

Lysine supplement benefits the growth performance, protein synthesis, and muscle development of Megalobrama amblycephala fed diets with fish meal replaced by rice protein concentrate.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of lysine supplement on the growth performance of blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala fed diets with fish meal (FM) replaced by rice protein concentrate (RPC) with the potential mechanisms characterized. Fish were fed three diets, including the FM diet (containing FM), the RPC diet (FM replaced by RPC), and the MRPC diet (the RPC diet supplemented with lysine) for 8 weeks. Weight gain, protein efficiency ratio, and nitrogen and energy utilization of fish fed the FM diet were all significantly higher than those of the RPC treatment, but they showed no statistical difference with those of the MRPC group.