Effectiveness and safety of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: evidence from a retrospective real-world study.

Introduction: Global phase III clinical trials have shown superior hypoglycemic efficacy to insulin and other oral hypoglycemic agents. However, there is a scarcity of real-world data comparing different glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) directly. This study aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of various GLP-1RA in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a real-world clinical setting and identify predictive factors for favorable treatment outcomes.

Identification of the hydroxylated derivatives of bufalin: phase I metabolites in rats.

Bufalin was a typical bioactive bufadienolide, existed in the traditional Chinese medicine Chan Su with the high content of 1-5%. The in vivo metabolites (1-5) of bufalin were prepared by various chromatographic techniques from the bile samples of SD rats, which were administrated with bufalin orally. Their structures were determined on the basis of the widely spectroscopic data, including HRESIMS, 1D-, and 2D NMR.

[Effect of tanshinone microemulsion on reversing MDR in human tumor cells].

Objective: To study the effect of tanshinone microemulsion (Tan-M) on the cytotoxicity to human leukemia-cell-line (K562/ADM) and the reversion of MDR in vitro.

Method: Microemulsion being supposed as the control group, MT method is adopted to test cytotoxicity and the reverse of MDR.

Result: Obvious cytotoxicity to K562/ADM was observed for tan-M.