Programmed cell death-1 in patients with primary liver cancer and its effect on prognosis.

Purpose: To detect the expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) in peripheral blood T lymphocytes of patients with primary liver cancer and its effect on their prognosis.

Methods: The medical records of 42 patients with primary liver cancer, 36 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 38 healthy volunteers composed the liver cancer group, benign lesion group and control group, respectively. Fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was used for detecting the expression level of PD-1 mRNA in peripheral blood T lymphocytes of subjects in the three groups, and flow cytometry was used for detecting the positive expression of PD-l protein on the surface of T lymphocytes of subjects.

Melatonin suppresses autophagy in type 2 diabetic osteoporosis.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often complicated by osteoporosis, a process which may involve osteoblast autophagy. As melatonin suppresses autophagy under certain conditions, we its investigated the effects on bone autophagy during diabetes. We first assessed different body parameters in a diabetic rat model treated with various concentrations of melatonin.