Cs CO -Promoted C-O Coupling Protocol Enables Solventless (Hetero)aryl Ether Synthesis under Air Atmosphere.

In this work, a Cs CO -promoted synthetic approach was identified for (hetero)aryl ether synthesis via the C-O coupling of various (hetero)aryl chlorides and alcohols/phenol. To our delight, the reactions could be carried out under transition-metal-free and solvent-free conditions. Moreover, analytical-grade reagents and air atmosphere were readily tolerated.

Metal-Free Synthesis of Heteroaryl Amines or Their Hydrochlorides via an External-Base-Free and Solvent-Free C-N Coupling Protocol.

Herein, a metal-free and solvent-free protocol was developed for the C-N coupling of heteroaryl halides and amines, which afforded numerous heteroaryl amines or their hydrochlorides without any external base. Further investigations elucidated that the basicity of amines and specific interactions derived from the X-ray crystallography analysis of played pivotal roles in the reactions. Moreover, this protocol was scalable to gram scales and applicable to drug molecules, which demonstrated its practical value for further applications.