Bile acids inhibit ferroptosis sensitivity through activating farnesoid X receptor in gastric cancer cells.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is associated with high mortality rates. Bile acids (BAs) reflux is a well-known risk factor for GC, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. During GC development in both humans and animals, BAs serve as signaling molecules that induce metabolic reprogramming.

Association between ultra-processed foods and risk of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Despite increasing evidence that has shown the association of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) with cancer risk, the results remain inconclusive. We, therefore, conducted the meta-analysis to clarify the association by including recently published studies.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to identify all relevant studies from inception to January 2023.

Machine Learning to Dynamically Predict In-Hospital Venous Thromboembolism After Inguinal Hernia Surgery: Results From the CHAT-1 Study.

Background: The accuracy of current prediction tools for venous thromboembolism (VTE) events following hernia surgery remains insufficient for individualized patient management strategies. To address this issue, we have developed a machine learning (ML)-based model to dynamically predict in-hospital VTE in Chinese patients after hernia surgery.

Methods: ML models for the prediction of postoperative VTE were trained on a cohort of 11 305 adult patients with hernia from the CHAT-1 trial, which included patients across 58 institutions in China.

Prediction Model of in-Hospital Venous Thromboembolism in Chinese Adult Patients after Hernia Surgery: The CHAT Score.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) events after hernia surgery influence prognosis and life quality and may be preventable. This study aimed to develop a useful model for predicting in-hospital VTE in Chinese patients after hernia surgery.

Methods: Patients after hernia surgery were retrospectively recruited from 58 institutions (n = 14 322).

Rationale and design of a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial of postoperative venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in Chinese adult patients with inguinal hernia (CHAT-3 trial).

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the most common causes of preventable harm for patients in hospitals. Nearly half of all VTE events was estimated to occur after surgical procedure. The Caprini risk score is the most extensively used risk assessment tool in predicting postoperative VTE, which is too complicate for surgeons to use properly in their clinical practice.

Effect of oligofructose on resistance to postoperative high-fat diet-induced damage of metabolism in diabetic rats after sleeve gastrectomy.

Background: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) can induce prominent remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the long-term remission rate of diabetes usually decreases over time. Oligofructose has been verified to modulate host metabolism.

Sleeve gastrectomy ameliorates endothelial function and prevents lung cancer by normalizing endothelin-1 axis in obese and diabetic rats.

Background: Previous evidence has implied that obesity is an independent risk factor for developing cancer. Being closely related to obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus provides a suitable environment for the formation and metastasis of tumors through multiple pathways. Although bariatric surgeries are effective in preventing and lowering the risk of various types of cancer, the underlying mechanisms of this effect are not clearly elucidated.

Warshaw Technique in Laparoscopic Spleen-Preserving Distal Pancreatectomy: Surgical Strategy and Late Outcomes of Splenic Preservation.

Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (LSPDP) can be accomplished with either the preservation or the resection of splenic vessels; the latter is also known as Warshaw technique. Our study is designed to investigate the operation selection strategy when proceeding LSPDP and to evaluate the long-term outcomes of patients undergoing Warshaw surgery. The medical records and follow-up data of patients who underwent LSPDP in Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, were reviewed retrospectively.

Khubchandani's procedure combined with stapled posterior rectal wall resection for rectocele.

Background: Obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS) is a widespread disease in the world. Rectocele is the most common cause of ODS in females. Multiple procedures have been performed to treat rectocele and no procedure has been accepted as the gold-standard procedure.

Immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer: A long and hopeful journey.

Multiple therapeutic strategies have been developed to treat pancreatic cancer. However, the outcomes of these approaches are disappointing. Due to deeper understandings of the pivotal roles of the immune system in pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis and progression, novel therapeutic strategies based on immune cells and the tumor microenvironment are being investigated.

Bile acid profiles within the enterohepatic circulation in a diabetic rat model after bariatric surgeries.

Bile acids (BAs), which are synthesized in the liver and cycled in the enterohepatic circulation, have been recognized as signaling molecules by activating their receptors in the intestine and liver. Serum taurine-conjugated BAs have been shown to be elevated after bariatric surgeries although the postoperative BA profiles within the enterohepatic circulation have not been investigated. Clarification of these profiles could help explain the mechanisms by which bariatric surgery leads to BA profile alterations and subsequent metabolic effects.

Deactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in infiltrating macrophages by duodenal-jejunal bypass surgery mediates improvement of beta cell function in type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Bariatric surgery could improve pancreatic beta cell function, thereby leading to the remission of the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the specific mechanism underlying this phenomenon is yet to be revealed. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in infiltrating macrophages plays an important role in the modulation of beta cell function after duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery.

Neoadjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.

There is a strong rationale and many theoretical advantages for neoadjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer (PC). However, study results have varied significantly. In this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies were performed in order to evaluate safety and effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy in PC.

Crosstalk between stromal cells and cancer cells in pancreatic cancer: New insights into stromal biology.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. Increasing evidence has confirmed the pivotal role of stromal components in the regulation of carcinogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance in PC. Interaction between neoplastic cells and stromal cells builds a specific microenvironment, which further modulates the malignant properties of cancer cells.

Effects of sleeve gastrectomy with jejuno-jejunal or jejuno-ileal loop on glycolipid metabolism in diabetic rats.

Aim: To explore the effect of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) with jejuno-jejunal or jejuno-ileal loop on glycolipid metabolism in diabetic rats.

Methods: Diabetic rats, which were induced by high-fat diet (HFD), nicotinamide and low-dose streptozotocin, underwent sham operations, SG, SG with jejuno-ileal loop (SG-JI) and SG with jejuno-jejunal loop (SG-JJ) followed by postoperative HFD. Then, at the time points of baseline and 2, 12 and 24 wk postoperatively, we determined and compared several variables, including the area under the curve for the results of oral glucose tolerance test (AUCOGTT), serum levels of triglyceride, cholesterol and ghrelin in fasting state, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), body weight, calorie intake, glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and insulin secretions after glucose gavage at dose of 1 g/kg.

Alterations in gut microbiota during remission and recurrence of diabetes after duodenal-jejunal bypass in rats.

Aim: To observe the alterations in gut microbiota in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetes recurrence after duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) in rats.

Methods: We assigned HDF- and low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats into two major groups to receive DJB and sham operation respectively. When the DJB was completed, we used HFD to induce diabetes recurrence.

Lymph node ratio is an independent prognostic factor for patients after resection of pancreatic cancer.

Background: The prognostic value of lymph node ratio (LNR) in pancreatic cancer remains controversial. In the current retrospective study, we assessed the value of LNR on predicting the survival of postoperative patients with pancreatic cancer.

Methods: Medical records of patients who underwent pancreatic resection for pancreatic cancer in the department of general surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University were reviewed retrospectively.

Overexpression of nuclear β-catenin in rectal adenocarcinoma is associated with radioresistance.

Aim: To investigate the association between nuclear β-catenin overexpression in rectal adenocarcinoma and radioresistance.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted. The analysis involved 136 patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent short-course preoperative radiotherapy and radical resection.

Loss of membranous carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 expression is related to decreased relapse-free survival of hepatocellular carcinoma following liver transplantation.

Background: Loss of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) expression is an adverse prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of CEACAM1 and its effect on relapse-free survival (RFS) following liver transplantation (LT) for HCC.

Methods: Expression of CEACAM1 was immunohistochemically detected in HCC specimens from 48 patients.

Expression of farnesyltransferase in primary liver cancer.

Background: Primary liver cancer (PLC) is a common malignant tumor. Over the past decade, although farnesyltransferase (FTase) has emerged as a significant target for anticancer therapies and has become a hotspot of cancer research, its exact mechanism of action remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of FTase in PLC and its role in the development of PLC.

A high-fat diet reverses improvement in glucose tolerance induced by duodenal-jejunal bypass in type 2 diabetic rats.

Background: Bariatric surgery offers successful resolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, recurrence of T2DM has been observed in a number of patients with initial resolution after bariatric surgery. This study aimed to induce reversal of the improvement of diabetes in T2DM rats after duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB), and identify the effects of weight changes and gut hormones that might be involved.

Resolution of diabetes mellitus by ileal transposition compared with biliopancreatic diversion in a nonobese animal model of type 2 diabetes.

Background: It has been demonstrated that biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) and ileal transposition (IT) effectively induce weight loss and long-term control of type 2 diabetes in morbidly obese individuals. It is unknown whether the control of diabetes is better after IT or after BPD. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of IT and BPD on the control of diabetes in an animal model.

Infection during transgastric and transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery in a live porcine model.

Background: The infection risk of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is of concern. The aim of this study was to assess the safety of NOTES by investigating the intraperitoneal bacterial load during transgastric and transvaginal procedures with antiseptic or controlling perioperative preparation.

Methods: Forty-five female pigs were randomly assigned to five equal groups: the transgastric (TG) control group (group A), the TG middle volume gastric lavage group (group B), the TG high volume lavage group (group C), the transvaginal (TV) control group (group D) and the TV study group (group E).

Influence of CXCR4/SDF-1 axis on E-cadherin/β-catenin complex expression in HT29 colon cancer cells.

Aim: To study the influence of CXCR4/stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) axis on E-cadherin/β-catenin complex expression in HT29 colon cancer cells and its underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Effect of SDF-1 on E-cadherin/β-catenin expression was detected by immunocytochemistry. E-cadherin and β-catenin mRNA expression levels were measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.

Transumbilical single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy with a simple technique: initial experience of 33 cases.

Transumbilical single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a novel laparoscopic surgical technique for cholecystectomy utilizing only a transumbilical incision, which eliminates any visible abdominal scars and improves cosmesis. As the true single port laparoscopic technique, we presented an easy and feasible method for transumbilical laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A total of 33 patients were presented for transumbilical single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy.