Beta Changes Induced by Acute Hand Loss Model during NMES.

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been demonstrated to effectively modulate cortical activities by evoking muscle contraction in upper limb and generating joint movements, which showed an excellent performance in motor rehabilitation. However, due to hand loss and cortical function reorganization induced by hand amputation, how neural activities in sensorimotor cortex response to NMES-evoked muscle contraction in the end of an amputation stump is not clear. In this paper, Ischemic nerve block (INB) technique was used to build an acute hand loss model, and 64-channel EEG signals were recorded from 11 healthy subjects to perform a 2×2 factorial design protocol, with the INB state and the current intensity as factors.

Implications of wheat straw logistic systems for bioenergy sustainable development in China: Costs, energy consumption, and GHG emissions.

Wheat straw is a priority choice for bioenergy production, bioenergy as the essential low carbon emissions energy can be a good choice for alternating the petroleum-based fuels. In this study, face-to-face surveys were conducted to analyze the costs, energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions involved in wheat straw logistic systems in China. The result identified five logistic modes, including two short-distance transportation and three long-distance transportation modes.

An NIRS-based assay of chemical composition and biomass digestibility for rapid selection of Jerusalem artichoke clones.

Background: High-throughput evaluation of lignocellulosic biomass feedstock quality is the key to the successful commercialization of bioethanol production. Currently, wet chemical methods for the determination of chemical composition and biomass digestibility are expensive and time-consuming, thus hindering comprehensive feedstock quality assessments based on these biomass specifications. To find the ideal bioethanol feedstock, we perform a near-infrared spectroscopic (NIRS) assay to rapidly and comprehensively analyze the chemical composition and biomass digestibility of 59 Jerusalem artichoke ( L.

Bioethanol Potential of Energy Sorghum Grown on Marginal and Arable Lands.

Field experiments were conducted in marginal lands, i.e., sub-humid climate and saline-land (SHS) and semi-arid climate and wasteland (SAW), to evaluate ethanol potential based on the biomass yield and chemical composition of biomass type (var.

Three-dimensional Culture of Human Airway Epithelium in Matrigel for Evaluation of Human Rhinovirus C and Bocavirus Infections.

Objective: Newly identified human rhinovirus C (HRV-C) and human bocavirus (HBoV) cannot propagate in vitro in traditional cell culture models; thus obtaining knowledge about these viruses and developing related vaccines are difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a novel platform for the propagation of these types of viruses.

Methods: A platform for culturing human airway epithelia in a three-dimensional (3D) pattern using Matrigel as scaffold was developed.

Altered emotional prosody processing in patients with Parkinson's disease after subthalamic nucleus stimulation.

Background: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) exhibit deficits in recognizing and expressing vocal emotional prosody. The aim of this study was to explore emotional prosody processing in patients with PD shortly after subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS).

Methods: Two groups of patients with PD (pre-DBS and post-DBS) and one healthy control (HC) group were recruited as participants.

High-throughput analysis of chemical components and theoretical ethanol yield of dedicated bioenergy sorghum using dual-optimized partial least squares calibration models.

Background: Due to its chemical composition and abundance, lignocellulosic biomass is an attractive feedstock source for global bioenergy production. However, chemical composition variations interfere with the success of any single methodology for efficient bioenergy extraction from diverse lignocellulosic biomass sources. Although chemical component distributions could guide process design, they are difficult to obtain and vary widely among lignocellulosic biomass types.

Protective effects of grape stem extract against UVB-induced damage in C57BL mice skin.

Humans have become exposed to another form of a trait which is ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation reaching the earth's surface. This has become a major source of oxidative stress that ultimately leads to inflammation, DNA damage, photoaging and pigmentation disorders etc. Although several studies have shown the photo-protective role of different grape parts like the fruits and seeds, little or no data demonstrating the in vivo photo-protective role of grape stem, which is the most discarded part of the grape are available.

[Preparation of La(2)Zr(2)O(7) Powder with Combustion Method and Its Spectral Properties].

La(2)Zr(2)O(7) powder was prepared with combustion method with La(2)O(3), Zr(NO(3))(4) and glycine as raw materials. La(2)Zr(2)O(7) powders were characterized with ICP-AES, EDAX, XRD, IR and TG-DTA techniques, respectively. Effects of heat treatment temperature on the XRD spectra and IR spectra of La(2)Zr(2)O(7) powders were studied.

Norovirus Infection and Histo-blood Group Antigens in Children Hospitalized with Diarrhea in Lulong and Chenzhou in China.

Norovirus (NoV) is a pathogen that commonly causes viral diarrhea in children. Studies indicate that NoV recognizes human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) as cell attachment factors. In order to explore the correlation between of NoV infection and HBGAs, a cross-sectional study was conducted in children less than five years old who were hospitalized with diarrhea in two areas of China between November 2014 and February 2015.

Gene Knockdown in Human Rhinovirus 1B Using 2'-OMe-modified siRNAs Results in the Reactivation of the Interferon Response.

The aim of this study was to investigate the knockdown efficiency of 2'-O-methylated (2'-OMe)-modified small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) on human rhinovirus 1B (HRV1B) replication and the interferon response. Thus, 24 2'-OMe-modified siRNAs were designed to target HRV1B. The RNA levels of HRV1B, Toll-like receptor 3, melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, retinoic acid inducible gene-I, and interferons were determined in HRV1B-infected HeLa and BEAS-2B epithelial cells transfected with 2'-OMe-modified siRNAs.

[Clinical analysis of 91 cases of primary parapharyngeal space tumors].

Objective: To summarize and analyze the clinical features, diagnosis methods, surgical approaches and treatment outcomes of patients with primary parapharyngeal space tumors.

Methods: A retrospective review of 91 cases with primary parapharyngeal space tumors treated from January 1999 to December 2011 was performed. All patients underwent preoperative enhanced CT scan and postoperative histopathologic examination.

[Surgical treatment of advanced laryngeal cancer with preservation of laryngeal function].

Objective: To explore the surgical methods for advanced laryngeal cancer and long term effects of laryngectomy.

Methods: Two hundred and thirty-eight cases of laryngeal cancer at different stages, including 103 cases with supraglottic cancer, 118 cases with glottic cancer, 3 cases with subglottic cancer, and 14 cases with recurrent cancer, underwent different kinds of operation from 2000 to 2010. The TNM classifications were as follows: T3 168 cases, T4 70 cases.

Planning skills moderate the intention-planning cognitions-behaviour relation: a longitudinal study on physical activity in Chinese adolescents.

Our objective is to examine the role of planning skills for translating intentions into physical activity via planning cognitions. A study with 534 adolescents was conducted. Over 4 weeks, intention, planning cognitions (prospective anticipation of when, where, and how to perform activities), planning skills (successful past planning experiences), and physical activity were assessed.

[Comprehensive treatment of 352 cases with hypopharyngeal cancer].

Objective: To review the experience of different surgical construction methods and comprehensive treatments for hypopharyngeal cancer.

Methods: Three hundred and fifty-two cases (According to UICC 2002 criteria, stage I, 3; II, 31; III, 134; IV, 184) with hypopharyngeal cancer were retrospectively reviewed from 1999 to 2005 in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, including 321 males and 31 females. The median age was 58 years old, ranged from 26 to 82 years old.

No association of the rs9722 C >T in the S100B gene and susceptibility to major depression in a Chinese population.

Objective: Astroglial-derived protein S100B is known to play important roles in axonal growth, neural plasticity, and energy regulation. Disturbance of these neurodevelopmental processes is proposed as one of the etiologies for mood disorder, and genetic polymorphisms of S100B have a possibility to be in susceptibility to major depressive disorder (MDD).

Method: We first investigated the association of the rs9722 C > T polymorphism of the S100B gene and susceptibility to MDD by comparing 152 major depressive patients with 150 healthy individuals in a Chinese population.

[Surgical management and preservation of laryngeal function for senile patients with advanced laryngeal carcinoma].

Objective: To explore the methods of surgical treatment and preservation of laryngeal function in senile patients with advanced laryngeal carcinoma.

Methods: A retrospective data review of 87 advanced laryngeal carcinoma patients aged over 65 years was carried out. Of these 87 patients treated by different modes of surgery, 48 had supraglottic cancer, 35 glottic cancer and 4 subglottic cancer.

[Study of relationship between the onset time of sudden deafness and blood rheology].

Objective: To investigate the correlation of the onset time of sudden deafness and blood rheology using a large-scale retrospective study.

Methods: One hundred and ninety-eight patients of sudden deafness were examined with blood rheology and compared with 60 healthy people. Thirty patients were as subjects to study the circadian of blood rheology in order to search whether the blood rheology of morning was the highest.

[Preservation of laryngeal function in surgical treatment of T3 supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma].

Objective: To explore the feasibility,surgical techniques and the clinical curative effect of preservation of laryngeal function in surgical treatment of T3 supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma (SLC).

Method: A retrospective review of 70 cases with T3 SLC that we treated from 1994 to 2003 were accomplished. All of the cases were treated with partial laryngectomy.

[Application of SELDI-TOF MS technology analyzing serum protein profiling for distinguishing laryngeal carcinoma from ordinary people].

Objective: To analyze the spectrometric serum protein profiling of laryngeal carcinoma and healthy controls by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS), to establish serum marker pattern for the diagnosis of laryngeal carcinoma.

Method: The serum samples of 46 cases of laryngeal carcinoma, 51 cases of healthy controls on WCX2 proteinchip, were collected. the spectrometric protein profiling was defected by SELDI-TOF-MS, the data were analyzed by Biomarker Patterns Software provided by Ciphergen Corp.

[The application of multi-slice computed tomograph in diagnosis and operation of hypopharyngeal carcinoma].

Objective: To evaluate the clinical application of multi slice CT(MSCT) in hypopharyngeal carcinoma and serve otolaryngologist to institute proper operation.

Method: Forty-five patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma scanned by MSCT were studied and confirmed by operation and pathologic examination. The operation material were retrospectively analyzed.

[Surgical management of aged patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma and preservation of laryngeal function].

Background & Objective: The prolongation of life expectancy results in an increasing number of aged patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma who have poor surgical tolerance because of degenerative organ functions. This study was to explore the surgical methods and preservation of laryngeal function for aged patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma.

Methods: Clinical data of 84 patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma who aged above 60 years, treated from 1996 to 2001, were retrospectively reviewed.

[Preservation of laryngeal function in surgical treatment of posterior hypopharyngeal wall cancer].

Objective: To explore the feasibility and the related surgical techniques of laryngeal function preservation in surgical treatment of posterior hypopharyngeal wall cancer.

Method: Thirty-five cases with posterior hypopharyngeal wall cancer were treated surgically. The methods of removing tumor and repairing surgical defects were depended on the extension of lesions.

Extracellular matrix remodeling in hepatocellular carcinoma: effects of soil on seed?

Extracellular matrix plays two-edged roles, inhibitor and promoter, in the carcinogenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. On the one hand, extracellular matrix provides the survival signals, and controls the proliferation, differentiation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. On the other hand, hepatocarcinoma cells create a permissive soil by extracellular matrix remodeling, result in high proliferation, low differentiation, apoptosis block, invasion and metastasis.