Beta Changes Induced by Acute Hand Loss Model during NMES.

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been demonstrated to effectively modulate cortical activities by evoking muscle contraction in upper limb and generating joint movements, which showed an excellent performance in motor rehabilitation. However, due to hand loss and cortical function reorganization induced by hand amputation, how neural activities in sensorimotor cortex response to NMES-evoked muscle contraction in the end of an amputation stump is not clear. In this paper, Ischemic nerve block (INB) technique was used to build an acute hand loss model, and 64-channel EEG signals were recorded from 11 healthy subjects to perform a 2×2 factorial design protocol, with the INB state and the current intensity as factors.

Implications of wheat straw logistic systems for bioenergy sustainable development in China: Costs, energy consumption, and GHG emissions.

Wheat straw is a priority choice for bioenergy production, bioenergy as the essential low carbon emissions energy can be a good choice for alternating the petroleum-based fuels. In this study, face-to-face surveys were conducted to analyze the costs, energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions involved in wheat straw logistic systems in China. The result identified five logistic modes, including two short-distance transportation and three long-distance transportation modes.

An NIRS-based assay of chemical composition and biomass digestibility for rapid selection of Jerusalem artichoke clones.

Background: High-throughput evaluation of lignocellulosic biomass feedstock quality is the key to the successful commercialization of bioethanol production. Currently, wet chemical methods for the determination of chemical composition and biomass digestibility are expensive and time-consuming, thus hindering comprehensive feedstock quality assessments based on these biomass specifications. To find the ideal bioethanol feedstock, we perform a near-infrared spectroscopic (NIRS) assay to rapidly and comprehensively analyze the chemical composition and biomass digestibility of 59 Jerusalem artichoke ( L.

Bioethanol Potential of Energy Sorghum Grown on Marginal and Arable Lands.

Field experiments were conducted in marginal lands, i.e., sub-humid climate and saline-land (SHS) and semi-arid climate and wasteland (SAW), to evaluate ethanol potential based on the biomass yield and chemical composition of biomass type (var.

High-throughput analysis of chemical components and theoretical ethanol yield of dedicated bioenergy sorghum using dual-optimized partial least squares calibration models.

Background: Due to its chemical composition and abundance, lignocellulosic biomass is an attractive feedstock source for global bioenergy production. However, chemical composition variations interfere with the success of any single methodology for efficient bioenergy extraction from diverse lignocellulosic biomass sources. Although chemical component distributions could guide process design, they are difficult to obtain and vary widely among lignocellulosic biomass types.

Protective effects of grape stem extract against UVB-induced damage in C57BL mice skin.

Humans have become exposed to another form of a trait which is ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation reaching the earth's surface. This has become a major source of oxidative stress that ultimately leads to inflammation, DNA damage, photoaging and pigmentation disorders etc. Although several studies have shown the photo-protective role of different grape parts like the fruits and seeds, little or no data demonstrating the in vivo photo-protective role of grape stem, which is the most discarded part of the grape are available.

Identification of nif genes in N2-fixing bacterial strains isolated from rice fields along the Yangtze River Plain.

The aim of this research was to identify nifH and nifHDKYE ' genes in twenty strains of N2-fixing heterotrophic bacteria isolated from rice fields in the Yangtze River Plain. Southern hybridization of the total DNA from each strain was performed with the Klebsiella pneumoniae nifHDKYE ' gene probe (6.2 kb Eco RI fragment from pSA30) and the Azospirillum brasilense nifH gene probe (0.