Negative Deterministic Information-Based Multiple Instance Learning for Weakly Supervised Object Detection and Segmentation.

Weakly supervised object detection (WSOD) and semantic segmentation with image-level annotations have attracted extensive attention due to their high label efficiency. Multiple instance learning (MIL) offers a feasible solution for the two tasks by treating each image as a bag with a series of instances (object regions or pixels) and identifying foreground instances that contribute to bag classification. However, conventional MIL paradigms often suffer from issues, e.

HO-responsive polymer prodrug nanoparticles with glutathione scavenger for enhanced chemo-photodynamic synergistic cancer therapy.

The combination of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) based on nanoparticles (NPs) has been extensively developed to improve the therapeutic effect and decrease the systemic toxicity of current treatments. However, overexpressed glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells efficiently scavenges singlet oxygens (O) generated from photosensitizers and results in the unsatisfactory efficacy of PDT. To address this obstacle, here we design HO-responsive polymer prodrug NPs with GSH-scavenger (Ce6@P(EG--CPBE) NPs) for chemo-photodynamic synergistic cancer therapy.

Floxuridine-chlorambucil conjugate nanodrugs for ovarian cancer combination chemotherapy.

Due to no specific symptoms and lack of early diagnosis for ovarian cancer, most diagnosed patients are often in the terminal stage resulting that tumor tissue is unable to be resected completely by operation. So postoperative chemotherapy has become an important and indispensable treatment procedure for them. Up to date, it remains a challenge to treat ovarian cancer by an effective chemotherapy strategy.

Amphiphilic irinotecan-melampomagnolide B conjugate nanoparticles for cancer chemotherapy.

Melampomagnolide B (MMB) is a natural sesquiterpene lactone product structurally related to parthenolide (PTL). Although MMB has been widely used to treat various types of cancers, such as glioma, leukemia and colon cancer, the effective delivery of MMB to cancer cells remains a challenge. An amphiphilic drug-drug conjugate (ADDC) strategy has been proposed and developed as a promising drug self-delivery system for cancer therapy because of its simple preparation, carrier-free nature, and high therapeutic activity.

Facile Synthesis of a HO-Responsive Alternating Copolymer Bearing Thioether Side Groups for Drug Delivery and Controlled Release.

A novel amphiphilic alternating copolymer with thioether side groups (P(MSPA--EG)) was synthesized through an amine-epoxy click reaction of 3-(methylthio)propylamine (MSPA) and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether. P(MSPA--EG) was characterized in detail by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transformed infrared, differential scanning calorimeter, and thermogravimetric analysis to confirm the successful synthesis. Due to its amphiphilic structure, P(MSPA--EG) could self-assemble into spherical micelles with an average diameter of about 151 nm.

Stimuli-responsive nanodrug self-assembled from amphiphilic drug-inhibitor conjugate for overcoming multidrug resistance in cancer treatment.

Severe multidrug resistance (MDR) often develops in the process of chemotherapy for most small molecule anticancer drugs, which results in clinical chemotherapy failures. Here, a nanodrug is constructed through the self-assembly of amphiphilic drug-inhibitor conjugates (ADIC) containing a redox-responsive linkage for reversing the multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer treatment. Specifically, hydrophilic anticancer irinotecan (Ir) and hydrophobic P-gp protein inhibitor quinine (Qu) are linked by a redox responsive bridge for overcoming MDR of tumors.

Preparation, Properties, and Applications of Graphene-Based Hydrogels.

As a new carbon-based nanomaterial, graphene has exhibited unique advantages in significantly improving the combination properties of traditional polymer hydrogels. The specific properties of graphene, such as high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical properties, have made graphene not only a gelator to self-assemble into the graphene-based hydrogels (GBH) with extraordinary electromechanical performance, but also a filler to blend with small molecules and macromolecules for the preparation of multifunctional GBH. It fully exploits the practical applications of traditional hydrogels.