Evaluation of PAHs in edible parts of vegetables and their human health risks in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province, China: A multimedia modeling approach.

Knowledge of the origins of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in vegetables is essential to reduce human health risks induced by dietary exposure. The current study developed a vegetation-advanced multimedia model, SESAMe-Veg, to identify the major uptake pathway of 15 priority PAHs in vegetables and assess the PAHs in edible parts of cabbages and carrots in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province, China. The model was well evaluated against site- and plant-specific measurements.

Structural equation modeling of PAHs in surrounding environmental media and field yellow carrot in vegetable bases from Northern China: In comparison with field cabbage.

During a harvest period, a set of field samples, including ambient air (gaseous and particulate phases), dust fall, surface soil and peel-surrounding soil, and yellow carrot tissues (leaf, peel, and core), were collected in a vegetable bases near a large coking manufacturer in Shanxi Province, Northern China. Based on the determinations of the concentrations and compositions of 15 USEPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the statistical results determined by a factor analysis (FA), combined with the isomeric ratios of paired species and the local emission inventory, indicated that coal combustion and vehicular exhaust served as the main emission sources of PAHs in the local environment and in yellow carrot tissues and that the coking industry was a secondary source. In terms of the transport pathways of PAHs in the surrounding media and yellow carrot tissues, the simulation results of a structural equation model (SEM) showed that the PAHs in ambient air were closely associated with those in dust fall, and these in turn had a positive correlation with the PAHs in surface soil, due to air-soil exchange.

Characteristics and human inhalation exposure of ionic per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in PM of cities around the Bohai Sea: Diurnal variation and effects of heating activity.

Atmospheric PM (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <10 μm) samples were collected in the cities along the Bohai Sea Rim during heating and non-heating periods, and ionic per- and polyfluoroalkyl species (PFASs) in the PM were measured. The total concentration of ionic PFASs ranged from 21.8 to 87.

Characteristics of perfluoroalkyl acids in atmospheric PM from the coastal cities of the Bohai and Yellow Seas, Northern China.

The concentration distributions, compositional profiles and seasonal variations of 17 perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in PM (particles with aerodynamic diameters < 10 μm) were determined in seven coastal cities of the Bohai and Yellow Seas. The detection rates of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and short-chain components (perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) with ≤7 carbon atoms and perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) with ≤5 carbon atoms) were much higher than those of other long-chain PFAA species. The annual average concentration of total PFAAs in PM ranged from 23.

Structural equation modeling of PAHs in ambient air, dust fall, soil, and cabbage in vegetable bases of Northern China.

A series of field samples including ambient air (gaseous and particulate phases), dust fall, surface soil, rhizosphere soil and cabbage tissues (leaf, root and core), were collected in vegetable bases near a large coking manufacturer in Shanxi Province, Northern China, during a harvest season. A factor analysis was employed to apportion the emission sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the statistical results indicated coal combustion was the dominant emission source that accounted for different environmental media and cabbage tissues, while road traffic, biomass burning and the coking industry contributed to a lesser extent. A structural equation model was first developed to quantitatively explore the transport pathways of PAHs from surrounding media to cabbage tissues.

Uptake of PAHs by cabbage root and leaf in vegetable plots near a large coking manufacturer and associations with PAHs in cabbage core.

Samples of ambient air (including gaseous and particulate phases), dust fall, surface soil, rhizosphere soil, core (edible part), outer leaf, and root of cabbage from eight vegetable plots near a large coking manufacturer were collected during the harvest period. Concentrations, compositions, and distributions of parent PAHs in different samples were determined. Our results indicated that most of the parent PAHs in air occurred in the gaseous phase, dominated by low molecular weight (LMW) species with two to three rings.

[Variations and Influencing Factors of Oral Bioaccessibility of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Soils Using an In-vitro Gastrointestinal Model].

Intake of contaminated soils is considered as an important exposure pathway of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) to humans, especially for children during their outdoor hand-to-mouth activities. Oral bioaccessibility is an essential tool to quantitatively assess the exposure risk of pollutants. In this study, we employed an in vitro digestion model to mimic the gastrointestinal digestion of typical PBDEs (BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99 and BDE-153 at a series of initial concentrations) in three natural soil samples with different TOC contents and to verify a previous hypothesis that the sorption of PBDE fraction mobilized from soil into digestive fluid on the surface of residual solid phase may lead to an underestimation of bioaccessibility of PBDEs.