Therapeutic potential of curcumin in diabetic retinopathy (Review).

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a type of retinal microangiopathy caused by diabetes mellitus. It has become the leading cause of blindness among working individuals worldwide. DR is becoming increasingly common among younger diabetic patients and there is a need for lifelong treatment.

Analysis of risk factors for progressive fibrovascular proliferation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To investigate the risk factors associated with progressive fibrovascular proliferation (FVP) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy for PDR between August 2017 and October 2019 at our department of ophthalmology. The FVP was divided into five grades based on the coverage area of proliferative membrane.

3,5-Dimethoxy-4-hydroxy myricanol ameliorates photoreceptor cell degeneration in Pde6b mouse model.

Introduction: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) caused by the photoreceptor cell degeneration is currently incurable and leads to partial or complete blindness eventually. 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy myricanol (DM) is a novel compound isolated from the leaves of Micromelum integerrimum, with proliferative activities on NIH3T3 cells. This study was to investigate whether DM could mitigate retinal degeneration of rd10 mice, a well-characterized mouse model of RP.

Antiapoptotic role of the cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes (CREG) in retinal photoreceptor cells in a rat model of light-induced retinal injury.

Objective: Light injury-induced apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells can lead to vision loss. The mechanism underlying such injury remains unclear, and there are no effective therapies at present. The aim of this study was to examine the potential antiapoptotic role of the cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes (CREG) in retinal cells in a rat model of light-induced retinal damage.

Crystal structure of bis-{2-[(2-hy-droxy-eth-yl)amino]-ethanol-κ(3) O,N,O'}copper(II) terephthalate.

The mol-ecular components of the title salt, [Cu(C4H11NO2)2](C8H4O4), are one Cu(II) cation O,N,O'-chelated by two tridentate 2-[(2-hy-droxy-eth-yl)amino]-ethanol ligands, and a terephthalate counter-dianion, located about a centre of inversion. The complex Cu(II) cation is located about a centre of inversion and shows typical Jahn-Teller distortion, with two short Cu-O and two short Cu-N bonds in the equatorial plane and two long Cu-O bonds to the axial atoms. The cations are arranged in sheets parallel to (100), with the centrosymmetric terephthalate anions located between the sheets.

Crystal structure of bis-{2-[bis-(2-hy-droxy-eth-yl)amino]-ethanol-κ(4) O,N,O',O''}cadmium terephthalate.

In the title salt, [Cd(C6H15NO3)2](C8H4O4), the Cd(2+) cation is coordinated by six O atoms and two N atoms from two tetra-dentate 2-[bis-(2-hy-droxy-eth-yl)amino]-ethanol ligands, displaying a distorted square-anti-prismatic coordination. The terephthalate dianion does not coordinate to the cation but is connected through O⋯H-O hydrogen bonds of medium strength to the complex cations, leading to a layered structure extending parallel to (100).

Crystal structure of bis-{2-[bis-(2-hy-droxy-eth-yl)amino]-ethanol-κ(3) O,N,O'}zinc terephthalate.

In the title salt, [Zn(C6H15NO3)2](C8H4O4), the Zn(II) cation, located on a centre of inversion, is coordinated by four O atoms and two N atoms from two tridentate 2-[bis-(2-hy-droxy-eth-yl)amino]-ethanol (BHEA) ligands, giving rise to a slightly distorted octa-hedral geometry. The terephthalate dianion, located about a centre of inversion, is not coordinated to Zn(II) but is connected through O-H⋯O contacts with [Zn(BHEA)2](2+) cations, leading to a three-dimensional crystal structure.

Crystal structure of bis-{μ-4,4'-[1,3-phenyl-enebis(-oxy)]dibenzoato-κ(4) O,O':O'',O'''}bis[(1,10-phenanthroline-κ(2) N,N')zinc(II)] dihydrate.

Two 4,4'-[1,3-phenyl-enebis(-oxy)]dibenzoate anions bridge two 1,10-phenanthroline-chelated Zn(II) cations about a center of inversion to generate the dinuclear title compound, [Zn2(C20H12O6)2(C12H8N2)2]·2H2O. The geometry about the Zn(II) atom is a distorted octa-hedron. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are connected by classical O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming a three dimensional network.

Suppressing autophagy protects photoreceptor cells from light-induced injury.

Autophagy, a conserved cellular self-degradation process, not only serves to protect cells at critical times during development and nutrient stress, but also contributes to cell death. Photoreceptor cells are unique neurons which when directly exposed to the light, transduces light stimuli into visual signal. However, intense light exposure can be cytotoxic to the retina.

Expression and significance of HIF-1 α and VEGF in rats with diabetic retinopathy.

Objective: To investigate the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic retinopathy (DR) rats and its effect on the DR occurrence and development.

Methods: A total of 120 SD rats were randomly divided into trial group and control group with 60 in each. STZ i.

Selectivity for and destruction of Salmonella typhimurium via a membrane damage mechanism of a cell-penetrating peptide ppTG20 analogue.

P7, an analogue of the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) ppTG20, was derived by replacing Phe and Trp with Arg based on the structure-activity relationships of CPPs and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). P7 showed antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhimurium at 4 μM and possessed broad antimicrobial activity greater than its parent peptide. P7 displayed good selectivity, with low haemolysis below its minimum inhibitory concentration range, but displayed cytotoxic activity against the HT29 and MDA-MB231 mammalian cell lines.

[Experimental study on inhibition of retinal neovascularisation by gene transfer of extracellular 1-3 domain of VEGF receptor KDR].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of liposome mediated plasmids KDRn3 injected into the vitreous to inhibit experimental retinal neovascularization.

Methods: One-week-old C57BL/6N mice were exposed to 75% ± 2% oxygen for 5 days, then returned to the room air to induce retinal neovascularization. Cationic liposome mediated KDRn3 comp-lex (1 µl) was injected into the vitreous in the treatment group.

catena-Poly[[zinc-bis-(μ-2-sulfido-1H-benzimidazol-3-ium-5-carboxyl-ato)-κO:S;κS:O] trihydrate].

In the title compound, {[Zn(C(8)H(5)N(2)O(2)S)(2)]·3H(2)O}(n), the Zn(II) atom, lying on a twofold rotation axis, is four-coordinated by two S atoms and two O atoms from four 2-sulfido-1H-benzimidazol-3-ium-5-carboxyl-ate (H(2)mbidc) ligands in a distorted tetra-hedral geometry. Two H(2)mbidc ligands bridge two Zn(II) atoms, generating a double-chain along [[Formula: see text]01]. Adjacent chains are linked by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional supra-molecular network.

A novel parallel interpenetrating two-dimensional (4,4) network: poly[[mu2-1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene](mu2-naphthalene-1,4-dicarboxylato)zinc(II)].

In the title coordination compound, [Zn(C(12)H(6)O(4))(C(14)H(14)N(4))](n), the two Zn(II) centers exhibit different coordination environments. One Zn(II) center is four-coordinated in a distorted tetrahedral environment surrounded by two carboxylate O atoms from two different naphthalene-1,4-dicarboxylate (1,4-ndc) anions and two N atoms from two distinct 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene (1,4-bix) ligands. The coordination of the second Zn(II) center comprises two N atoms from two different 1,4-bix ligands and three carboxylate O atoms from two different 1,4-ndc ligands in a highly distorted square-pyramidal environment.

Acute energy reduction induces caspase-dependent apoptosis and activates p53 in retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5).

The energy reduction-induced death of retinal ganglion cells is associated with many ophthalmic diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the apoptosis pathway of retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5) following acute ATP reduction by using glucose deprivation (GD). RGC-5 cells were cultured in glucose-free or normal DMEM for 3 days.

catena-Poly[[[aqua-(1,10-phenanthro-line)zinc(II)]-μ-3,3'-(p-phenyl-ene)di-acrylato] hemihydrate].

In the title compound, {[Zn(C(12)H(8)O(4))(C(12)H(8)N(2))(H(2)O)]·0.5H(2)O}(n), each Zn(II) atom is six-coordinated by two N atoms from one 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), three carboxyl-ate O atoms from two different L ligands [H(2)L = 3,3'-(p-phenyl-ene)diacrylic acid] and one water mol-ecule in a distorted octa-hedral environment. The two L dianions are situated across inversion centres and bridge neighbouring Zn(II) centres, yielding a chain propagating parallel to [100].

[Pigment epithelium-derived factor and its application in retinal angiogenic diseases].

Retinal neovascularization (RNV) is one of the most important causes of blindness. No efficient treatment for RNV is available. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a natural inhibitor of angiogenesis.