Publications by authors named "Guan-Yi Lu"

Dexmedetomidine has been used as a sedative drug in the clinic for a long time. Many studies demonstrated that the sedative mechanism of dexmedetomidine might be related to the activation of α2-adrenoceptor (α2AR). In addition, it was reported that dexmedetomidine had some affinity for the I1-imidazoline receptor (I1R); however, the role of I1R in dexmedetomidine-induced sedative effects and its possible mechanism are poorly studied.

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Executive function, including working memory, attention and inhibitory control, is crucial for decision making, thinking and planning. Lisdexamfetamine, the prodrug of d-amphetamine, has been approved for treating attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and binge eating disorder, but whether it improves executive function under non-disease condition, as well as the underlying pharmacokinetic and neurochemical properties, remains unclear. Here, using trial unique non-matching to location task and five-choice serial reaction time task of rats, we found lisdexamfetamine (p.

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Accumulated data demonstrate that the A/T single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs324981 in the human neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1) gene, resulting in an amino acid change from asparagine (N) to isoleucine (I) at position 107, is associated with susceptibility to psychiatric disorders. Neuropeptide S (NPS) has also been implicated in modulating these disorders in rodent experiments. However, the effect of this SNP on NPSR1 activity remains unclear.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the role of FKBP5 gene variants in the relationship between methamphetamine use disorder (MAUD) and co-occurring depressive disorder (DD).
  • Findings show that individuals with MAUD have a significantly higher incidence of DD, and two specific FKBP5 alleles (rs4713916A and rs6926133A) are linked to higher severity of depression in these patients.
  • This research suggests that understanding these genetic markers could lead to better early detection and personalized treatment options for individuals suffering from MAUD and DD.
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The I imidazoline receptor and its candidate protein imidazoline receptor antisera-selected (IRAS)/Nischarin are linked to μ opioid receptor (MOR) functions associated with MOR trafficking. We previously demonstrated that IRAS may play an important role in the development of morphine tolerance and physical dependence in vivo. However, the effects of IRAS on morphine psychological dependence are not fully understood.

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Article Synopsis
  • There is a need for safe non-opioid alternatives for treating opioid addiction, as current options are limited.
  • Research shows that AQP4, a protein in the brain, affects how mice respond to opioids like morphine and heroin, as Aqp4-knockout mice showed reduced drug consumption and cravings.
  • The findings suggest that targeting AQP4 could lead to new treatments for opioid addiction by reducing drug-seeking behaviors and dopamine activity in the brain.
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Background: Methamphetamine (METH) is one of the most widely abused illicit substances worldwide; unfortunately, its addiction mechanism remains unclear. Based on accumulating evidence, changes in gene expression and chromatin modifications might be related to the persistent effects of METH on the brain. In the present study, we took advantage of METH-induced behavioral sensitization as an animal model that reflects some aspects of drug addiction and examined the changes in gene expression and histone acetylation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of adult rats.

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Methamphetamine (METH) addiction has been widely spread and caused severe problems both in society and public health in recent years, but there is a shortage of medication available. The naltrexone (NTX) as a non-selective opioid receptor antagonist has been widely applied to treat alcohol addiction and the relapse to opioid addiction after detoxification. In the present study, we investigated the potent pharmacotherapeutic effect of NTX in attenuating relapse to drug-seeking behavior in the METH self-administration and conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats.

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  • The study examines the role of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic neurons in reward-related behaviors, particularly focusing on how their activity affects movement and reinforcement.
  • Utilizing genetically modified mice, researchers found that stimulating these neurons increases locomotor activity, while inhibition decreases it, indicating a direct link to motor behavior.
  • Additionally, the study used an optogenetic model to show that activating VTA DAergic neurons enhances reward-seeking behavior, further supporting their crucial role in the brain's reward system and potential implications for treating neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Increasing evidence indicates that excessive drug consumption is sufficient for the transition from recreational and controlled drug use to uncontrolled use and addiction. However, the underlying mechanisms are debated. Some neurobehavioral and neuroimaging evidence indicates that dorsolateral striatum (dlStr)-dependent habit learning plays a key role in excessive drug intake and the transition to addiction, but little is known about the molecular events.

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Morphine is a potent opioid analgesic used to alleviate moderate or severe pain, but the development of drug tolerance and dependence limits its use in pain management. Our previous studies showed that the candidate protein for I1 imidazoline receptor, imidazoline receptor antisera-selected (IRAS)/Nischarin, interacts with μ opioid receptor (MOR) and modulates its trafficking. However, there is no report of the effect of IRAS on morphine tolerance and physical dependence.

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Cognitive studies have suggested that anxiety is correlated with cognitive performance. Previous research has focused on the relationship between anxiety level and the perceptual load within the frontal region, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices. High-anxious individuals are predicted to have worse performance on cognitively-demanding tasks requiring efficient cognitive processing.

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  • Agmatine has been shown to inhibit opioid dependence, but its exact mechanism on hippocampal neural progenitors during chronic morphine exposure was previously unclear.
  • Chronic morphine treatment in rats decreased the proliferation of these progenitor cells and reduced key signaling molecules (cAMP, pCREB, and BDNF), but co-treatment with agmatine restored these levels to normal.
  • Both in vivo and in vitro experiments indicated that agmatine promotes neural progenitor proliferation, potentially through enhancing cAMP-CREB-BDNF signaling, which may help explain its inhibitory effects on morphine dependence.
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Agonist-replacement therapies have been successfully used for treatment of opiate and nicotine addiction, but not for cocaine addiction. One of the major obstacles is the cocaine-like addictive potential of the agonists themselves. We report here an atypical dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) inhibitor, CTDP-32476, that may have translational potential for treating cocaine addiction.

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Aim: To investigate the potential effects of Y-QA31, a novel dopamine D3 receptor antagonist, as an antipsychotic drug.

Methods: A panel of radioligand-receptor binding assays was performed to identify the affinities of Y-QA31 for different G protein-coupled receptors. [(35)S]GTPγS-binding assays and Ca(2+) imaging were used to assess its intrinsic activities.

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d-Cycloserine (DCS), a partial agonist at the strychnine-insensitive glycine recognition site on the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex, has been shown to facilitate the extinction and prevent the relapse of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) when administered before or after each extinction trail. However, some studies have suggested that DCS does not influence or even enhance relapse of seeking behavior on cocaine self-administration (SA) in rats or cocaine-dependent individuals undergoing clinical exposure treatment. Furthermore, there are no reports on the effects of DCS and the extinction of morphine-conditioned behaviors in mice.

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  • The study aimed to determine if fluvastatin can improve heart function and baroreflex sensitivity in rats with type 1 diabetes.
  • Researchers induced type 1 diabetes in rats and administered varying doses of fluvastatin for 30 days while monitoring food and drink intake, fasting blood glucose, and heart metrics.
  • Fluvastatin significantly improved several health markers, including reduced fasting blood glucose and enhanced heart function, indicating its potential protective effects on diabetic hearts.
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Background: The Daming capsule (DMC) is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat hyperlipoidemia. Both clinic trials and studies on animal models have demonstrated that DMC is beneficial against diabetic symptoms. Impairment of the baroreflex can cause life-threatening arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).

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