Splenectomy following MCAO inhibits the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway and protects the brain from neurodegeneration in rats.

Background And Purpose: The Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B NF-κB inflammatory pathway contributes to secondary inflammation in many diseases including stroke. Moreover, the neuroprotective effect of splenectomy in stroke is supported by a vast body of experimental evidence. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism(s) by which splenectomy enhance neuroprotection in stroke is still poorly understood.

Cytotoxic role of advanced glycation end-products in PC12 cells treated with β‑amyloid peptide.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia afflicting the elderly. Recent studies have increasingly suggested that a high concentration of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) may be important in AD pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms and pathways involved remain unknown.