Dura immunity configures leptomeningeal metastasis immunosuppression for cerebrospinal fluid barrier invasion.

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) border accommodates diverse immune cells that permit peripheral cell immunosurveillance. However, the intricate interactions between CSF immune cells and infiltrating cancer cells remain poorly understood. Here we use fate mapping, longitudinal time-lapse imaging and multiomics technologies to investigate the precise origin, cellular crosstalk and molecular landscape of macrophages that contribute to leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) progression.

Human birth tissue products as a non-opioid medicine to inhibit post-surgical pain.

Pain after surgery causes significant suffering. Opioid analgesics cause severe side effects and accidental death. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop non-opioid therapies for managing post-surgical pain.

HC-HA/PTX3 from Human Amniotic Membrane Induced Differential Gene Expressions in DRG Neurons: Insights into the Modulation of Pain.

The biologics derived from human amniotic membranes (AMs) demonstrate potential pain-inhibitory effects in clinical settings. However, the molecular basis underlying this therapeutic effect remains elusive. HC-HA/PTX3 is a unique water-soluble regenerative matrix that is purified from human AMs.

Nanoscale Optical Imaging, Reconstruction, and Spatial Analysis of Whole Mouse Glomeruli.

Renal glomeruli have traditionally been studied by micrometer-scale optical microscopy to interrogate overall physiology or molecular distributions and by nanoscale electron microscopy to interrogate the ultrastructure of thin sections. While these approaches are powerful, they have been limited in their ability to obtain detailed views of the glomeruli as holistic 3D functional units. To fill this knowledge gap, we have developed a novel pipeline for imaging, reconstructing, and analyzing whole mouse glomeruli at 100 nm resolution using super-resolution fluorescence microscopy.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy enhances restoration of physical functional in patients with recurrent glioma: A case report.

Patients with recurrent glioblastoma often opt for hypofractionated stereotactic radiosurgery, which can cause various adverse reactions. The pharmacological interventions used to manage these adverse reactions are usually unsatisfactory. The present study reports the case of a patient with recurrent glioblastoma who underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy followed by immediate hypofractionated stereotactic radiosurgery.

Visualizing the modulation of neurokinin 1 receptor-positive neurons in the superficial dorsal horn by spinal cord stimulation in vivo.

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective modality for pain treatment, yet its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Neurokinin 1 receptor-positive (NK1R + ) neurons in spinal lamina I play a pivotal role in pain transmission. To enhance our mechanistic understanding of SCS-induced analgesia, we investigated how different SCS paradigms modulate the activation of NK1R + neurons, by developing NK1R-Cre;GCaMP6s transgenic mice and using in vivo calcium imaging of superficial NK1R + neurons under anesthesia (1.

Optotagging and characterization of GABAergic rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) neurons.

The transmission of nociceptive and pruriceptive signals in the spinal cord is greatly influenced by descending modulation from brain areas such as the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM). Within the RVM three classes of neurons have been discovered which are relevant to spinal pain modulation, the On, Off, and Neutral cells. These neurons were discovered due to their functional response to nociceptive stimulation.

Epidermal Neural Crest Stem Cell Conditioned Medium Enhances Spinal Cord Injury Recovery via PI3K/AKT-Mediated Neuronal Apoptosis Suppression.

This study aimed to assess the impact of conditioned medium from epidermal neural crest stem cells (EPI-NCSCs-CM) on functional recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI), while also exploring the involvement of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in regulating neuronal apoptosis. EPI-NCSCs were isolated from 10-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats and cultured for 48 h to obtain EPI-NCSC-CM. SHSY-5Y cells were subjected with HO treatment to induce apoptosis.

Branch Chain Amino Acid Metabolism Promotes Brain Metastasis of NSCLC through EMT Occurrence by Regulating ALKBH5 activity.

Metabolic reprogramming is one of the essential features of tumors that may dramatically contribute to cancer metastasis. Employing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, we analyzed the metabolic profile from 12 pairwise serum samples of NSCLC brain metastasis patients before and after CyberKnife Stereotactic Radiotherapy. We evaluated the histopathological architecture of 144 surgically resected NSCLC brain metastases.

TrkA sensory neurons regulate osteosarcoma proliferation and vascularization to promote disease progression.

Bone pain is a presenting feature of bone cancers such as osteosarcoma (OS), relayed by skeletal-innervating peripheral afferent neurons. Potential functions of tumor-associated sensory neurons in bone cancers beyond pain sensation are unknown. To uncover neural regulatory functions, a chemical-genetic approach in mice with a knock-in allele for TrkA was used to functionally perturb sensory nerve innervation during OS growth and disease progression.

Mapping Somatosensory Afferent Circuitry to Bone Identifies Neurotrophic Signals Required for Fracture Healing.

The profound pain accompanying bone fracture is mediated by somatosensory neurons, which also appear to be required to initiate bone regeneration following fracture. Surprisingly, the precise neuroanatomical circuitry mediating skeletal nociception and regeneration remains incompletely understood. Here, we characterized somatosensory dorsal root ganglia (DRG) afferent neurons innervating murine long bones before and after experimental long bone fracture in mice.

Spinal cord stimulation attenuates paclitaxel-induced gait impairment and mechanical hypersensitivity via peripheral neuroprotective mechanisms in tumor-bearing rats.

Background: Taxanes such as paclitaxel (PTX) induce dose-dependent chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), which is associated with debilitating chronic pain and gait impairment. Increased macrophage-related proinflammatory activities have been reported to mediate the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. While spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been used for a number of pain conditions, the mechanisms supporting its use for CIPN remain to be elucidated.

Peripherally restricted cannabinoid and mu-opioid receptor agonists synergistically attenuate neuropathic mechanical hypersensitivity in mice.

Many medications commonly used to treat neuropathic pain are associated with significant, dose-limiting adverse effects, including sedation, dizziness, and fatigue. These adverse effects are due to the activity of these medications within the central nervous system. The objective of this work was to investigate the interactions between peripherally restricted cannabinoid receptor and mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists on ongoing and evoked neuropathic pain behaviors in mouse models.

Surgical procedures for the treatment of fungal periprosthetic infection following hip arthroplasty: a systematic scoping review.

Background: There has been limited literature synthesizing the therapeutic effects of surgical procedures for fungal periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following hip arthroplasty. The authors' current study aims to comprehensively review and analyze those relevant literature, and carefully make recommendations for future clinical practices.

Methods: Our current study was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 statement.

The protective barrier role of satellite glial cells in sensory ganglia.

Neurons in sensory ganglia are wrapped completely by satellite glial cells (SGCs). One putative function of SGCs is to regulate the neuronal microenvironment, but this role has received only little attention. In this study we investigated whether the SGC envelope serves a barrier function and how SGCs may control the neuronal microenvironment.

[Retracted] Tunicamycin inhibits colon carcinoma growth and aggressiveness via modulation of the ERK‑JNK‑mediated AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Following the publication of this paper, it was drawn to the Editor's attention by a concerned reader that certain of the Transwell invasion and migration assay data shown in Fig. 1B and C were strikingly similar to data appearing in different form in other articles written by different authors at different research institutes, which had either already been published or were under consideration for publication at around the same time. Owing to the fact that the contentious data in the above article had already been published prior to its submission to , the Editor has decided that this paper should be retracted from the Journal.

Enhancing spinal cord stimulation-induced pain inhibition by augmenting endogenous adenosine signalling after nerve injury in rats.

Background: The mechanisms for spinal cord stimulation (SCS) to alleviate chronic pain are only partially known. We aimed to elucidate the roles of adenosine A1 and A3 receptors (A1R, A3R) in the inhibition of spinal nociceptive transmission by SCS, and further explored whether 2'-deoxycoformycin (dCF), an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, can potentiate SCS-induced analgesia.

Methods: We used RNAscope and immunoblotting to examine the distributions of adora1 and adora3 expression, and levels of A1R and A3R proteins in the spinal cord of rats after tibial-spared nerve injury (SNI-t).

A New Porphyrin-based Covalent Organic Framework with High Iodine Capture Capacity and I-doping Enhanced Conductivity.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are porous organic materials with well-defined and uniform structure. The material is an excellent candidate as a solid adsorbent for iodine adsorption. In the present study, we report the synthesis of COF with porphyrin moiety, TF-TA-COF, by solvothermal reaction, which was characterized by XRD, solid-state C NMR, IR, TGA, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis.