Seven undescribed steroids from the leaves of Datura metel L.

Extraction of Datura metel L. leaves with ethanol as a solvent gave a group of steroids, including two unique 1,10-seco-withanolides (1, 4), an unusual nitrogen-containing withanolides (2), one undescribed saponin (3), two withanolides with a carbohydrate (5, 6), and one C steroid (7). These compounds' structures were identified based on HR-ESI-MS and H, C NMR data analyses, also compared with data from the document.

Wielding and evaluating the removal composition of common artefacts in EEG signals for driving behaviour analysis.

Noninvasive EEG signals provide neural activity information at high resolution, of which human mental status can be properly detected. However, artefacts always exist in brain oscillatory EEG signals and thus impede the accuracy and reliability of relevant analysis, especially in real-world tasks. Moreover, the use of a mature artefact identification method cannot assure impeccable artefact separation; this leads to a trade-off between removing contaminated information and losing valuable information.

Four new secoiridoids from the stem barks of (Bl.) Hara.

Four new secoiridoids, syrretoside A (), syrretoside B (), 5, 8-syrretaglucone C(), 5, 8-syrretaglucone C (), together with eight known secoiridoids (-), were isolated from the stem barks of (Bl.) Hara. The structures of isolated compounds were established based on the physical and chemical means, NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), and circular dichroism spectrum (CD), as well as in comparison with the literature.

Organoborohydride-catalyzed Chichibabin-type C4-position alkylation of pyridines with alkenes assisted by organoboranes.

The first NaBEtH-catalyzed intermolecular Chichibabin-type alkylation of pyridine and its derivatives with alkenes as the latent nucleophiles is presented with the assistance of BEt, and a series of branched C4-alkylation pyridines, even highly congested all-carbon quaternary center-containing triarylmethanes can be obtained in a regiospecific manner. Therefore, the conventional reliance on high cost and low availability transition metal catalysts, prior formation of -activated pyridines, organometallic reagents, and extra oxidation operation for the construction of a C-C bond at the C4-position of the pyridines in previous methods are not required. The corresponding mechanism and the key roles of the organoborane were elaborated by the combination of H/D scrambling experiments, B NMR studies, intermediate trapping experiments and computational studies.

Tumor-Associated Macrophage Promotes the Survival of Cancer Cells upon Docetaxel Chemotherapy via the CSF1/CSF1R-CXCL12/CXCR4 Axis in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is an advanced stage of prostate cancer that can progress rapidly even in patients treated with castration. Previously, we found that tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) can be recruited by CSF-1 secreted by docetaxel-treated prostate cancer cells and promote the survival of cancer cells in response to chemotherapy. The inhibition of CSF-1R can impede this effect and significantly prolong survival in xenograft mice.

Xanthoceraside administration produces significant antidepressant effects in mice through activation of the hippocampal BDNF signaling pathway.

Current available antidepressants have various adverse reactions and slow pharmacodynamics, so it is necessary to find novel antidepressants for effective treatment. Xanthoceraside (XAN), a novel triterpenoid saponin extracted from the fruit husks of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge, has anti-amnesic and neuroprotective properties. The purpose and significance of this study is to assess whether XAN has antidepressant effects in mice using the forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model of depression.

Genetic features and efficacy of decitabine-based chemotherapy in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

Objectives: The outcome of elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients is poor, which was traditionally attributed to patient- and leukemia-related factors. However, studies about the genetic features of these elderly patients have not been integrated and the genetic mechanism of their poor outcome is less known.

Methods: Here, we used next generation sequencing (NGS) to identify the genetic features of elderly AML patients and confirmed the efficacy of chemotherapy based on molecular aberrations.

Co-Occurring Alteration of NOTCH and DDR Pathways Serves as Novel Predictor to Efficacious Immunotherapy in NSCLC.

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown remarkable benefit for treatment of advanced non-small lung cancer (NSCLC), only a minority of patients can achieve durable responses and the most patients produce an ultra-rapid progressive disease. Here, we collected the availably published datasets and mined the determinants of response to immunotherapy on pathway levels. One hundred six NSCLC patients treated with immunotherapy were combined from Rizvi et al.

Four new polyacetylenes from the roots of .

Four new polyacetylene substances, sadivaethynes A-D, were isolated from the ethanol extract of the roots of (Turcz.) Schischk using repeated column chromatography. Structural elucidation of compounds was established by 1D and 2D NMR spectra referring to the literature, together with high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis.

Three-Year Outcomes of Sleeve Gastrectomy Plus Jejunojejunal Bypass: a Retrospective Case-Matched Study with Sleeve Gastrectomy and Gastric Bypass in Chinese Patients with BMI ≥35 kg/m.

Background: Sleeve gastrectomy plus jejunojejunal bypass (SG+JJB) is a novel bariatric procedure. In this study, we compared the 3-year outcomes of SG+JJB to those of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and gastric bypass (RYGB).

Methods: This retrospective study included 113 patients (SG, N=31; RYGB, N=33; SG+JJB, N=49) with a preoperative BMI≥35 kg/m.

Profiling of somatic mutations and fusion genes in acute myeloid leukemia patients with FLT3-ITD or FLT3-TKD mutation at diagnosis reveals distinct evolutionary patterns.

Background: The receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 with internal tandem duplications within the juxtamembrane domain (FLT3-ITD) is a poor prognostic factor; however, the prognostic significance of missense mutation in the tyrosine kinase domain (FLT3-TKD) is controversial. Furthermore, the accompanying mutations and fusion genes with FLT3 mutations are unclear in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Methods: We investigated FLT3 mutations and their correlation with other gene mutations and gene fusions through two RNA-seq based next-generation sequencing (NGS) method and prognostic impact in 207 de novo AML patients.

Sirtuin 1 alleviates neuroinflammation-induced apoptosis after traumatic brain injury.

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) plays a very important role in a wide range of biological responses, such as metabolism, inflammation and cell apoptosis. Changes in the levels of SIRT1 have been detected in the brain after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Further, SIRT1 has shown a neuroprotective effect in some models of neuronal death; however, its role and working mechanisms are not well understood in the model of TBI.

Evaluation of acute myeloid leukemia blast percentage on MethylC-Capture Sequencing results.

Aberrant DNA methylation is often related to the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response of acute myeloid leukemia (AML); however, relevant studies on the relationship between bone marrow myeloblast percentage and the DNA methylation level in AML have not been reported. We evaluated the effects of AML blast percentage on DNA methylation level using the MethylC-capture sequencing (MCC-Seq) approach based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) and found that the methylation level of both genome-wide and promoter regions significantly increased when the percentage of AML blasts reached ≥ 40%, indicating that an accurate DNA methylation level in cancer cells can be obtained when the bone marrow samples of AML patients have more than 40% myeloblasts.

Androgen receptor splice variant 7 detected by immunohistochemical is an independent poor prognostic marker in men receiving adjuvant androgen-deprivation therapy after radical prostatectomy.

Background: To evaluate the predictive value of AR-V7 expression detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) in the prognosis of prostate cancer patients receiving adjuvant hormonal therapy (AHT) following radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods: We retrospectively collected data of 110 patients with prostate cancer receiving RP, followed by AHT, from Tongji hospital. IHC analysis of AR-V7 expression was performed in a retrospective cohort.

Comparison of Thulium Laser Resection of Bladder Tumors and Conventional Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumors for Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Introduction: The thulium laser resection of bladder tumors (TmLRBT) was increasingly used in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) recently, and here we report the relevant outcomes of our institution to evaluate its efficacy and safety.

Methods: We retrospectively collected the data of NMIBC patients who underwent either TmLRBT or transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). The baseline characteristics and perioperative outcomes were compared in these 2 groups.

Transcriptomic and Functional Analyses Reveal Roles of AclR, a luxR-type Global Regular, in Regulating Motility and Virulence of .

LuxR-type transcriptional regulators are essential for many physiological processes in bacteria, including pathogenesis. is a seedborne bacterial pathogen responsible for bacterial fruit blotch, which causes great losses in melon and watermelon worldwide. However, the LuxR-type transcriptional factors in have not been well studied, except for the previously reported LuxR-type regulatory protein, AcrR, involved in regulating virulence and motility.

Three new sesquiterpenoid alkaloids from the roots of and its cytotoxicity.

Three new sesquiterpenoid alkaloids, cangorin K (), dimacroregelines C () and D (), as well as two known sesquiterpenoids (-), were isolated from the roots of The structures of new compounds were characterised by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses, as well as HRESIMS data, and the known compounds were established by 1 D NMR spectra referring to the literatures. Cytotoxicity evaluation of these compounds against two human tumour lines (SMMC7721, LN229) was investigated by CCK-8 assay and displayed that compounds - showed potent cytotoxicity against SMMC7721 cell with IC value in the range of 0.26-9.

Genus Stathmopoda Herrich-Schäffer, 1853 (Lepidoptera: Stathmopodidae) from China: Descriptions of ten new species.

Ten new species of the genus Stathmopoda are described: S. basirotata sp. nov.

High Expression of CLEC11A Predicts Favorable Prognosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease of the hematopoietic system, for which identification of novel molecular markers is potentially important for clinical prognosis and is an urgent need for treatment optimization.

Methods: We selected C-type lectin domain family 11, member A (CLEC11A) for study several public databases, comparing expression among a variety of tumors and normal samples as well as different organs and tissues. To investigated the relationship between CLEC11A expression and clinical characteristics, we derived an AML cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA); we also investigated the Bloodspot and HemaExplorer databases.

Recurrent Sepsis Exacerbates CD4 T Cell Exhaustion and Decreases Antiviral Immune Responses.

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to an infection. It is a disease with a high incidence, mortality, and recurrence rate and frequently results in its survivors requiring readmission into hospitals. The readmission is mainly due to recurrent sepsis.

Two new terpenes from the aerial parts of Osbeck.

Two new acyclic sesquiterpenoids () and fourteen known monocyclic monoterpenoids () were isolated from the aerial parts of Osbeck. All compounds were isolated from for the first time. The structures of all compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods (1 D, 2 D NMR and HRESIMS).

Ophiopogonin A Alleviates Hemorrhagic Shock-Induced Renal Injury via Induction of Nrf2 Expression.

Ophiopogonin, including Ophiopogonin A, B, C, D, is an effective active component of traditional Chinese medicine which has a wide range of pharmacological effects such as protecting myocardial ischemia, resisting myocardial infarction, immune regulation, lowering blood glucose, and anti-tumor. However, the functions of ophiopogonin A on hemorrhagic shock (HS)-induced renal injury remain unclear. First, this study constructed an HS rat model and hypoxia HK-2 cell model to assess the effects of ophiopogonin A and .

Clinicopathological characteristics and survival in lung signet ring cell carcinoma: a population-based study.

Lung signet-ring cell carcinoma (LSRCC) is a very rare type of lung cancer, the clinical characteristics, and prognosis of which remain to be clarified. In order to explore the clinicopathological and survival-related factors associated with LSRCC, we performed a large population-based cohort analysis of data included in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry from 2001 to 2015. A total of 752 LSRCC and 7518 lung mucinous adenocarcinoma (LMAC) patients were incorporated into our analysis, with respective mean ages of 63.

Androgen Receptor Splice Variant 7 Predicts Shorter Response in Patients with Metastatic Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy.

Background: Whether AR-V7 expression can predict the response in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) who receive androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains to be explored.

Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of AR-V7 expression in the prognosis of mHSPC patients receiving ADT.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this multicenter prospective cohort study, 310 mHSPC patients commencing ADT were enrolled.

Autophagy Plays a Protective Role in Sodium Hydrosulfide-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Rats.

Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), as an exogenous hydrogen sulfide (HS) donor, has been used in various pathological models. NaHS is usually considered to be primarily protective, however, the toxic effect of NaHS has not been well elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether NaHS (1 mg/kg) can induce acute lung injury (ALI is a disease process characterized by diffuse inflammation of the lung parenchyma) and define the mechanism by which NaHS-induced ALI involves autophagy, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response.