First Report of Causing Bulb Rot of Onion in Chile.

During the 2021-22 and 2022-23 seasons (December to February), onion plants (Allium cepa L.) showing decay, leaf blight, chlorosis and water soak lesions were collected in Central Chile. Five symptomatic plants were sampled from 20 different onion fields.

First Report of causing onion leaf blight and bulb decay in Central Chile.

Nearly 5,400 hectares of long-day onions () are cultivated in the Central Zone of Chile (UTM 33°3´S to 37°24´S). During summer 2021-22 and 2022-23 (December to February), followed by high temperatures (around 35°C) and high humidity conditions, symptoms showing yellowing, soft rot, blight on old leaves, necrotic tips, and soft bulbs were observed. The affected plants were observed in "spots" into the fields, and the incidence reached 5-10%.

Interplay between Shelf Life and Printability of Silica-Filled Suspensions.

Although fumed silica/siloxane suspensions are commonly employed in additive manufacturing technology, the interplay between shelf life, storage conditions, and printability has yet to be explored. In this work, direct ink writing (DIW) was used to print unique three-dimensional structures that required suspensions to retain shape and form while being printed onto a substrate. Suspensions containing varying concentrations of hydrophobic and hydrophilic silica were formulated and evaluated over a time span of thirty days.

Risk Factors, Clinical Presentation, Therapeutic Trends, and Outcomes in Arterial Thrombosis Complicating Unvaccinated COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review.

Data on characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus (COVID)-19 patients complicated with arterial thrombosis (AT) are scarce. Therefore, we carried out a systematic review (PRISMA, PROSPERO statements; PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) to identify risk factors, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes. We included publications from December 2019 to October 2020.

Diagnosis and classification of optic neuritis.

There is no consensus regarding the classification of optic neuritis, and precise diagnostic criteria are not available. This reality means that the diagnosis of disorders that have optic neuritis as the first manifestation can be challenging. Accurate diagnosis of optic neuritis at presentation can facilitate the timely treatment of individuals with multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.

Pattern ERGs suggest a possible retinal contribution to the visual acuity loss in acute optic neuritis.

Purpose: Macular involvement in optic neuritis (ON) is well-recognised but poorly understood and may be of clinical relevance. This study explores macular structure-function correlates in acute ON.

Methods: This cross-sectional cohort study recruited ON patients within 14 days of symptom onset.

ABA Speeds Up the Progress of Color in Developing Fruit through the Activation of , and , Key Genes of the Phenylpropanoid/Flavonoid and Anthocyanin Pathways.

Phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties have risen in interest due to their benefits for human health. is a native wild berry species from Chile that develops a white/pink receptacle and white flesh at the ripe stage. Changes in color parameters, anthocyanins, secondary metabolites (phenolics, flavonoids), and total antioxidant capacity were followed during the development and ripening of fruit.

3,7-Dimethylpentadecane: a Novel Sex Pheromone Component from Leucoptera sinuella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae).

Leucoptera sinuella is a leaf-miner moth present in several regions in the world, which has been recently introduced into Chile. The larvae feed exclusively on the leaves of poplar and willow trees, and the damage caused by the feeding behavior poses a threat to the wood-producing industry. Besides, L.

A Comparison of Immediate and Short-Term Defensive Responses to Species Infection in Both Susceptible and Resistant Walnut Rootstocks.

Clonal rootstocks are one alternative used by the walnut industry to control damage caused by species, traditionally using plants grafted on susceptible rootstock. Vlach, VX211, and RX1 are clonal rootstocks with a degree of resistance to species. The resistance to pathogens in these rootstocks depends on the resistance mechanisms activated by the presence of the pathogen and subsequent development of responses in the host.

Differential expression after UV-B radiation and characterization of chalcone synthase from the Patagonian hairgrass Deschampsia antarctica.

Deschampsiaantarctica inhabits the maritime territory of Antarctica and South Patagonia. It grows under very harsh environmental conditions. The survival of this species in low freezing temperatures and under high levels of UV-B radiation may constitute some of the most remarkable adaptive plant responses and suggests that this plant possesses genes associated with cold and UV tolerance.

Characterization of Oomycete Species Associated With Root and Crown Rot of English Walnut in Chile.

English (Persian) walnut (Juglans regia) trees affected by root and crown rot were surveyed in five regions of central Chile between 2015 and 2017. In each region, nine orchards, ranging from 1 to 21 years old, were randomly selected and inspected for incidence and severity of tree decline associated with crown and root rot. Soil and symptomatic crown and root tissues were collected and cultured in PARP semiselective medium to isolate potential oomycete pathogens, which were identified through morphology and molecularly using ITS sequences in the rDNA gene and beta tubulin gene.

Ruthenium(II)-carbonyl complexes containing two N-monodentate 1,8-naphthyridine ligands: active catalysis in transfer hydrogenation reactions.

The reaction of 2-aminonicotinaldehyde with 2- or 4-methoxyacetophenone in basic media leads to the new ligands 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,8-naphthyridine and 2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1,8-naphthyridine, respectively, in high yield. The reaction of these naphthyridine derivatives with [RuCl(CO)] leads to the respective complexes cis-dicarbonyldichloridobis[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,8-naphthyridine-κN]ruthenium(II) and cis-dicarbonyldichloridobis[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1,8-naphthyridine-κN]ruthenium(II), both [RuCl(CHNO)(CO)], in good yield. Both ruthenium(II) complexes display a slightly distorted octahedron with two cis carbonyl, two cis chloride and two cis naphthyridine ligands, the latter coordinated in a monodentate fashion through the N atom in the 8-position.

Long-term Safety and Efficacy of Conjunctival Pedicle Graft Revision Combined With Repeated Pericardium Allograft for Exposed Glaucoma Drainage Devices.

Purpose: To investigate the safety and long-term results of conjunctival pedicle graft (CPG) technique for revision of exposed glaucoma drainage device (GDD).

Design: Retrospective noncomparative case series.

Patients And Methods: All patients with exposed GDD between 2011 and 2016 who underwent tube revision with CPG were included.

CyberKnife Stereotactic Radiosurgery in brain metastases: A report from Latin America with literature review.

Background And Aim: Stereotactic radiosurgery is increasingly being employed for the treatment of brain metastases, both as an adjuvant to surgical resection, and also as a primary treatment modality. The aim of this study is to evaluate overall survival and local control in patients with brain metastases treated with CyberKnife Stereotactic Radiosurgery (CKRS), due to the lack of evidence reported in Latin America.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review from October 2011 to January 2017 of 49 patients with 152 brain metastases.

Does Aeroallergen Sensitization Cause or Contribute to Eosinophilic Esophagitis?

Eosinophilic esophagitis is an atopic disease defined clinically by esophageal symptoms in combination with a dense esophageal eosinophilia. EoE is triggered and maintained by exposure to certain foods and it is known that dietary modification controls symptoms and achieves disease remission. Recently, aeroallergens have been implicated in the pathogenesis of EoE.

Phacoemulsification plus endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation versus phacoemulsification alone in primary open-angle glaucoma.

Purpose: To examine the efficacy and safety of combined phacoemulsification and endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (phaco-ECP) compared to phacoemulsification alone in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods: We performed a retrospective notes review of 99 consecutive clinical records of patients with POAG from 2 London eye departments. A total of 69 patients who underwent phaco-ECP and 30 sex- and age-matched control patients who underwent cataract surgery alone were included.

Cyberknife stereotactic radiosurgery and denosumab for giant cell tumour of the skull base: Case report.

Giant cell tumours (GCT) of the skull is a rare entity with only small number of cases reported in literature and optimal treatment is yet to be determined. These tumours have shown high recurrence rates after incomplete surgery, usually occurring during the first year. Even with new surgical techniques a complete resection in skull base tumours is not always possible without functional compromise.

Lifewide Learning for Early Reading Development.

The authors examine the relationships between children's reading abilities and the enabling environment for learning in the context of Save the Children's Literacy Boost program. They conceptualize the enabling environment at a micro level, with two components: the home literacy environment, represented by reading materials/habits at home, and the community learning environment (community reading activities). Using longitudinal reading scores of 6,874 students in 424 schools in 12 sites across Africa and Asia, there was 1) a modest but consistent relationship between students' home literacy environments and reading scores, and 2) a strong relationship between reading gains and participation in community reading activities, suggesting that interventions should consider both home and community learning environments and their differential influences on interventions across different low-resource settings.

Cognitive Processing Therapy for Spanish-speaking Latinos: A Formative Study of a Model-Driven Cultural Adaptation of the Manual to Enhance Implementation in a Usual Care Setting.

Objective: As part of a larger implementation trial for cognitive processing therapy (CPT) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a community health center, we used formative evaluation to assess relations between iterative cultural adaption (for Spanish-speaking clients) and implementation outcomes (appropriateness and acceptability) for CPT.

Method: Qualitative data for the current study were gathered through multiple sources (providers: N = 6; clients: N = 22), including CPT therapy sessions, provider fieldnotes, weekly consultation team meetings, and researcher fieldnotes. Findings from conventional and directed content analysis of the data informed refinements to the CPT manual.

Feasibility of spirometry testing in preschool children.

Rationale: The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of obtaining acceptable and reproducible spirometry data in preschool aged children (3-5 years) by technicians without prior experience with spirometry.

Methods: Two technicians were trained to perform spirometry testing (ndd Easy on-PC) and to administer standardized questionnaires. Preschool aged children were enrolled from two Head Start centers and a local primary care clinic.

Effects of a patient's name and image on medical knowledge acquisition.

Purpose: To assess whether there are differences in medical students' (MS) knowledge acquisition after being provided a virtual patient (VP) case summary with a patient's name and facial picture included compared to no patient's name or image.

Method: 76 MS from four clerkship blocks participated. Blocks one and three (Treatment group) were provided case materials containing the patient's name and facial picture while blocks two and four (Control group) were provided similar materials without the patient's name or image.

Spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage (Wünderlich syndrome): a two-case report.

Objective: To review the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage.

Methods/results: We report the cases of two men 59 and 79 years old, presenting acute abdominal pain secondary to retroperitoneal bleeding (Wünderlich's syndrome) due to spontaneous renal rupture caused by urolithiasis and angiomyolipoma respectively.

Conclusions: Diagnosis of acute abdomen due to retroperitoneal hemorrhage requires a combination of clinical information and imaging tests.

Clinical benefits of femoroplasty: a nonsurgical alternative for the management of femoral metastases.

Background: Bone metastases occur frequently in advanced cancer. The spine, pelvis, ribs, skull and femur are the most affected sites. It is reported that up to 83% of the patients develop pain at some point of the disease.

Improved screening for cystic fibrosis-related diabetes by an integrated care team using an algorithm.

Objective: To determine whether implementation of a standardized, clinic-based algorithm improves compliance with cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) screening guidelines.

Study Design: A CFRD screening algorithm was developed as part of a quality improvement initiative through collaboration between the pediatric pulmonary and endocrine divisions and implemented prospectively to children aged 8-17 years in our CF center for a 6-month period. The primary outcome measure was the percentage rate of CF patients who were appropriately screened with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) during the quality improvement period as compared to the year prior.