Impact of memory bias in the dietary estimation of older adults measured through a food frequency questionnaire and weighed food records: A cross-sectional study in older adults and primary caregivers.

Introduction: changes in cognitive performance and memory of older adults (OA) can interfere in their reporting their diet. Objective: to evaluate the impact of memory bias in dietary estimation between OA and their primary caregivers (PC) through the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Mexican OA and weighed food records (WFR). Methods: the present analysis uses the estimated dietary information based on the response provided by 51 older adults (OA) and their primary caregivers (PC) from the validation study of the FFQ for Mexicans OA was conducted during lockdowns for COVID-19.

Perceptions of food environments in the school and at home during Covid-19: An online cross-sectional study of parents, teachers and experts from Latin America.

Background: The high prevalence of overweight and obesity in children from Latin America (LA) have been related to obesogenic food environments. Besides, the negative effects of the Covid-19 pandemic should also be considered. The objective of this research was to describe and compare the perceptions of parents, teachers, and experts in LA of food environments at home and school that favor healthy habits in schoolchildren in pre Covid-19 stage and during the pandemic.

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Objective: To describe the national by federal entity prevalence of the nutritional status of weight and length at birth.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional descrip­tive study. Data from 1 907 341 alive newborns in 2017, registered in the Subsistema de Información sobre Nacimientos (Sinac), were analyzed.

Slow gait speed is associated with dynapenic obesity in Mexican ambulatory older adults.

An increased risk of slow gait speed (GS) has been reported among older adults with decreased muscle strength, coupled with a concomitant increase in body fat known as dynapenic obesity (DO); however, these two conditions together have rarely been studied. The objective of this study was to determine the association between GS and DO in older Mexican ambulatory adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted; body fat percentage, and muscle strength and GS using EWGSOP criteria, were measured in 126 older ambulatory Mexican adults, with a mean age of 71 years old.

Comorbidities associated with maternal mortality from COVID-19 in Mexico.

Introduction: In Mexico, there is a syndemic in pregnant women, where the epidemic of obesity and chronic diseases coexists with that of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has been associated with a higher risk of maternal mortality.

Objective: To evaluate the association of comorbidities during pregnancy with maternal mortality from COVID-19 in Mexico.

Material And Methods: SISVER COVID-19 databases and epidemiological surveillance reports on maternal mortality were used.

Common polymorphisms in MC4R and FTO genes are associated with BMI and metabolic indicators in Mexican children: Differences by sex and genetic ancestry.

Background: Mexico is experiencing an epidemic of childhood obesity and overweight, the factors that determine type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Even though variants in genes such as MC4R, LEP, LEPR, and FTO have been associated with the risk of obesity, in Mexico the level of miscegenation is heterogeneous, so this risk must be measured as genetic ancestry. This study aimed at evaluating the association between common SNPs in FTO and MC4R genes in Mexican children with Amerindian, mestizo and predominance European ancestry.

Iodine nutritional status in urban and rural Mexican schoolchildren.

Introduction: Deficient or excess iodine intake has effects on human health. Assessment of the prevalence and risk factors in children can therefore support effective prevention or treatment.

Method: A cross-sectional probabilistic study in 631 children aged 5 to 12 years in whom iodine levels were measured in urine and salt samples.

Effect of exposure to p,p´-DDE during the first half of pregnancy in the maternal thyroid profile of female residents in a Mexican floriculture area.

Background: Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene (p,p´-DDE), the main metabolite of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), has been associated with changes in human thyroid hormone levels. Maternal thyroid hormones are essential for adequate fetal neurodevelopment during the first half of pregnancy.

Objective: To evaluate the association between maternal p,p´-DDE concentration and the maternal thyroid profile during the first half of pregnancy.

Blood toxic metals and hemoglobin levels in Mexican children.

Metal toxicity can cause hematologic abnormalities and hemolysis. To evaluate the relationship of anemia with metal contamination in children, the following elements were quantified in dry blood: silicon, chromium, lead, titanium, vanadium, nickel, arsenic, manganese, and cadmium. A total of 88 samples of anemic children and 208 of non-anemic children aged 6-12 years were analyzed.

Design and evaluation of a campaign to promote the consumption of vegetables and fruits in Mexican school-age children.

Introduction: In Mexican school-age children the consumption of vegetables and fruits (V&F) is less than 25% of the amount recommended by the World Health Organization.

Objectives: Evaluate the effectiveness of a promotion campaign about the consumption of V&F in urban school children from Hidalgo, Mexico.

Methods: A non controlled community trial in 226 school-age children from private and public schools was conducted, we designed and distributed printed material for promoting the consumption of V&F among the school population, access to V&F was provided through planning and sales at school stores, and consumption was supervised by the teachers.

Association between childhood obesity, cognitive development, physical fitness and social-emotional wellbeing in a transitional economy.

Background: It has been suggested that obese children have lower cognitive function, demonstrate poorer physical performance and are more susceptible to social-emotional problems.

Aims: To describe associations between human physical growth, cognitive development, physical fitness and social-emotional characteristics of obese and non-obese children and to verify the predictors of intellectual coefficient by socioeconomic status (SES).

Subjects And Methods: A sample of 107 non-obese (N-Ob) children [-1 z-score body mass index (BMI) ≤1 z-score] and 108 obese (Ob) children [2 z-score ≤BMI ≤5 z-score] from a larger cohort was evaluated.

[Factors associated with nutritional status of iodine in Mexican preschool children].

Background: Iodine deficiency is a public health problem in many developing countries where pregnant women and children are the more susceptible populations.

Objective: To evaluate the association of iodine nutritional status with the weather, availability of iodine in salt, and degree of social exclusion in preschool children of the state of Hidalgo, Mexico.

Methods: Cross-sectional study in 1,333 children < 5 years; in these, urinary iodine and iodine in the salt was measured, and annual average of humidity, type of location and degree of social marginalization in the localities where they lived was recorded.

Determinants of cognitive development of low SES children in Chile: a post-transitional country with rising childhood obesity rates.

Studies conducted in developing countries have noted associations between concurrent stunting, social-emotional problems and poor cognitive ability in young children. However, the relative contribution of these variables in Latin America is likely changing as undernutrition rates decline and prevalence of childhood obesity rises. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 106 normal-weight and 109 obese preschool children to compare the relative contribution of early nutrition, sociodemographic factors and psychosocial variables on cognitive development in normal-weight and obese preschool children in Chile.