Body Fat Distribution, Adipocytokines Levels and Variability in Associated Genes and Kidney Transplant Outcomes.

Body fat distribution is known to contribute to a variety of pathologies. We aimed to assess whether this distribution is associated with clinical outcomes in renal transplant recipients (RTR) and to examine its relationship with leptin and adiponectin gene variants and plasma concentrations. Bioelectrical impedance analyses were performed in 236 RTR.

Genetics Variants in the Epoxygenase Pathway of Arachidonic Metabolism Are Associated with Eicosanoids Levels and the Risk of Diabetic Nephropathy.

Genes in the epoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism leading to vasoactive eicosanoids, mainly 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (20-HETE) and epoxyeicosatrienoic (EETs) acids, have been related to glucose-induced renal damage in preclinical reports. We genotyped 1088 diabetic kidney disease (DKD) patients and controls for seven polymorphisms in five genes (, , , , and ) along this metabolic route and evaluated their effect on DKD risk, clinical outcomes, and the plasma/urine levels of eicosanoids measured by LC/MS/MS and immunoenzymatic assays. The 433M variant allele was associated with lower incidence of DKD (OR = 0.

Plasma and urinary concentrations of arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids are associated with diabetic kidney disease.

Preclinical studies indicate that arachidonic acid (AA)-derived eicosanoids contribute to hyperglycemia-induced kidney injury. We aimed to determine whether plasma and/or urinary levels of dihydroxyeicosatrienoic (DHETs) and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (20-HETE) acids are associated with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). A total of 334 subjects (132 DKD patients and 202 non-diabetic individuals) were studied.

Effect of leptin concentrations and leptin receptor gene polymorphisms on the outcome of renal transplantation.

Introduction: Leptin is a pro-inflammatory adipocytokine implicated in cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, obesity and chronic kidney disease.

Material And Methods: In a cohort of 236 renal transplant recipients, we aimed to determine whether circulating leptin concentrations and/or three polymorphisms in the leptin receptor () gene, namely rs1137100, rs1137101 and rs1805094, were related to clinical outcomes in renal transplantation. Plasma leptin concentrations were measured by ELISA.

Alpha-1-microglobulin: Prognostic value in chronic kidney disease.

Objectives: α1-microglobulin (α1M) is a tubular protein used for detecting acute lesions of proximal tubules. This study evaluated the use of urine α1M excretion as a marker of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and life survival.

Design And Methods: In all 163 patients were recruited (90 men), mean age 61.

Combined donor-recipient genotypes of leptin receptor and adiponectin gene polymorphisms affect the incidence of complications after renal transplantation.

Background: We aimed to examine whether combined donor/recipient variants in the leptin receptor () and adiponectin () genes may affect outcomes in renal transplantation.

Methods: A total of 233 donors and their corresponding 307 recipients were genotyped for rs1805094, rs1137100 and rs1137101, and rs1501299 and rs224176. Combined donor/recipient genetic scores were created to investigate associations with delayed graft function (DGF), graft loss and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Association of polymorphisms in leptin and adiponectin genes with long-term outcomes in renal transplant recipients.

The effect of polymorphims in leptin and adiponectin genes on long-term outcomes of renal transplantation is unknown. In 349 renal transplant recipients (RTR), we aimed to determine associations between five SNPs in the leptin receptor (LEPR) and adiponectin (ADIPOQ) genes and these outcomes. Follow-up time ranged from 2 to 25 years (mean 10.

Variability in the leptin receptor gene and other risk factors for post-transplant diabetes mellitus in renal transplant recipients.

Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is one of the main complications after kidney transplantation. It is known that leptin plays an important role in glucose metabolism and mutations in the leptin receptor gene () are responsible for different complications in renal transplant recipients. We aimed to analyse the association of polymorphisms in with the development of PTDM in these patients.

CYP3A genotypes of donors but not those of the patients increase the risk of acute rejection in renal transplant recipients on calcineurin inhibitors: a pilot study.

Purpose: We aimed to determine whether polymorphisms in CYP3A genes may affect the risk of acute rejection episodes (ARE) in renal transplant recipients treated with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs).

Methods: One hundred and thirty seven patients and their respective donors were screened, by RT-PCR techniques, for three polymorphisms previously related with CNI pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (CYP3A4*1B, CYP3A4*22 and CYP3A5*3). Genotypes of donors and recipients were associated by logistic regression models with ARE risk and exposure to CNIs.

Polymorphisms in genes involved in vasoactive eicosanoid synthesis affect cardiovascular risk in renal transplant recipients.

Objective: Arachidonic acid metabolism by cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases leads to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which are eicosanoids with vasodilator and anti-inflammatory properties. We aim to determine whether genetic variability in these routes may contribute to cardiovascular (CV) risk in renal transplant recipients.

Methods: In a cohort of 355 patients, we determined the presence of two polymorphisms, CYP2C8*3 and CYP2J2*7, known to affect eicosanoid levels.

Sudden cardiac death in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients.

Background: A relatively high proportion of deaths in dialysis patients occur suddenly and unexpectedly. The incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in non-dialysis advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages has been less well investigated.

Objective: This study aims to determine the incidence and predictors of SCD in a cohort of 1078 patients with CKD not yet on dialysis.

Risk factors for post-transplant diabetes mellitus in renal transplant: Role of genetic variability in the CYP450-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism.

Arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and 20-hidroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), which play an important role both in renal transplant and diabetes mellitus (DM). We searched for associations between polymorphisms in this metabolic pathway and the risk of post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) in kidney recipients. One-hundred-sixty-four patients were genotyped for common SNPs in this route, namely CYP2C8*3, CYP2C8*4, CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, CYP2J2*7, CYP4A11 F434S and CYP4F2 V433M.

A 3'-UTR Polymorphism in Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Gene Is Associated with Acute Rejection in Renal Transplant Recipients.

Background And Purpose: Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are arachidonic acid metabolites that play a protective role against damaging processes that may occur after re-oxygenation of the graft. We aimed to investigate whether the presence of functional polymorphisms in the gene encoding soluble epoxy hydrolase (EPHX2), which metabolizes EETs to less active compounds, may play a role in the outcome of renal transplantation.

Methods: In a group of 259 Caucasian renal transplant recipients and 183 deceased donors, we determined the presence of three common EPHX2 SNPs, namely rs41507953 (K55R), rs751141 (R287Q) and rs1042032 A/G.

Polymorphisms in CYP-mediated arachidonic acid routes affect the outcome of renal transplantation.

Background: Arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to vasoactive metabolites (mainly epoxyeicosatrienoic acids) which are known to play a protective role against damaging processes that may occur after re-oxygenation of the graft. We aimed to investigate whether the presence of functional polymorphisms along these metabolic routes may play a role in the outcome of renal transplantation.

Design: One-hundred and forty Caucasian renal transplant recipients and 137 donors were included.

During the pre-dialysis stage of chronic kidney disease, which treatment is associated with better survival in dialysis?

Introduction: Specialised care of patients in advanced stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with better survival in dialysis, but it is not known which treatments specifically favour this outcome.

Objectives: To analyse normal treatment in advanced stages of CKD and establish which treatments are associated with better survival in dialysis as well as their relationship with causes of death.

Material And Method: Cohort, prospective observational study of 591 patients who started dialysis (491 haemodialysis and 100 peritoneal dialysis), who had previously been monitored in the CKD clinic.

Increased serum phosphate concentrations in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease treated with diuretics.

Background: Serum phosphate concentrations usually show great variability in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (ACKD) not on dialysis. Diuretics treatment can have an influence over the severity of mineral-bone metabolism alterations related to ACKD, but their effect on serum phosphate levels is less known.

Objectives: This study aims to determine whether diuretics are independently associated with serum phosphate levels, and to investigate the mechanisms by which diuretics may affect phosphate metabolism.

Use of α1-microglobulin for diagnosing chronic interstitial nephropathy.

α1-Microglobulin (α1M) is a low molecular weight protein and has been best characterized for detecting acute lesions of proximal tubules (Bonventre in Contrib Nephrol 156:213-219, 2007). This study has tried to evaluate the use of α1M for the differential diagnosis of chronic interstitial nephropathy. 145 patients were recruited [81 men and 64 women, mean age 61.

Long-term mTOR inhibitors administration evokes altered calcium homeostasis and platelet dysfunction in kidney transplant patients.

The use of the mammal target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors has been consolidated as the therapy of election for preventing graft rejection in kidney transplant patients, despite their immunosuppressive activity is less strong than anti-calcineurin agents like tacrolimus and cyclosporine A. Furthermore, as mTOR is widely expressed, rapamycin (a macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus) is recommended in patients presenting neoplasia due to its antiproliferative actions. Hence, we have investigated whether rapamycin presents side effects in the physiology of other cell types different from leucocytes, such as platelets.

Congestive heart failure in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease: association with pre-emptive vascular access placement.

Introduction: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In addition to classical risk factors (e.g.