A prospective long-term study of external trigeminal nerve stimulation for drug-resistant epilepsy.

Background: External trigeminal nerve stimulation (eTNS) is an emerging noninvasive therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). We report the long-term safety and efficacy of eTNS after completion of a phase II randomized controlled clinical trial for drug-resistant epilepsy.

Methods: This was a prospective open-label long-term study.