A Leucine-Rich Receptor Like Kinase LRK2 Is Involved in the Regulation of Cold Tolerance and Yield in Rice.

Low temperature affects rice growth and yield. Receptor-like protein kinases play an important role in plant growth and development. In order to reveal the role of a leucine-rich receptor like kinase LRK2 in low temperature stress and growth and development of rice.

Validation of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-R) in rural contexts in South Africa.

Resilience is central to young children's healthy and happy development. The Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-R) has been widely used in several countries. However, its construct validity among young children in rural South Africa has not been examined.

Leveraging multiplexed metasurfaces for multi-task learning with all-optical diffractive processors.

Diffractive Neural Networks (DNNs) leverage the power of light to enhance computational performance in machine learning, offering a pathway to high-speed, low-energy, and large-scale neural information processing. However, most existing DNN architectures are optimized for single tasks and thus lack the flexibility required for the simultaneous execution of multiple tasks within a unified artificial intelligence platform. In this work, we utilize the polarization and wavelength degrees of freedom of light to achieve optical multi-task identification using the MNIST, FMNIST, and KMNIST datasets.

Decoding bacterial communication: Intracellular signal transduction, quorum sensing, and cross-kingdom interactions.

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the intricate architecture of bacterial sensing systems, with a focus on signal transduction mechanisms and their critical roles in microbial physiology. It highlights quorum sensing (QS), quorum quenching (QQ), and quorum sensing interference (QSI) as fundamental processes driving bacterial communication, influencing gene expression, biofilm formation, and interspecies interactions. The analysis explores the importance of diffusible signal factors (DSFs) and secondary messengers such as cAMP and c-di-GMP in modulating microbial behaviors.

Multi-omics analyses of the mechanism for formation of key aroma-active compounds in blood orange wine fermented by Pichia kudriavzevii.

Pichia kudriavzevii is an emerging non-Saccharomyces yeast recognized for its ability to enhance aroma quality in fermented foods, though the precise mechanisms underlying its effects remain poorly understood. This study delves into the influence of P. kudriavzevii BP15 on the formation of key aroma-active compounds (KAACs) and metabolic pathways during the fermentation of blood orange wine.

An isolated salt-tolerant Tetragenococcus halophilus 2MH-3 improved the volatile flavor of low-salt fermented fish sauce by regulating the microbial community.

The application of low-salt fish sauce is limited by its tendency to spoil easily and inadequate flavor generation. Herein, a salt-tolerant Tetragenococcus halophilus 2MH-3 strain with strong abilities of enzyme production and biogenic amine degradation was utilized as a starter for the production of low-salt fish sauce. Bacterial community analysis revealed discrepancies in microbiota between low-salt fish sauces fermented with (Th group) or without 2MH-3 (LF group).

Construction and Application of Au NRs/4-MBA/PAM Ratiometric Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate for Fish Veterinary Drug Residue Detection.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is widely used for trace detection of substances, and the key to this technology lies in the preparation of the substrate material. In this study, a composite SERS material of Au NRs/4-MBA/PAM was constructed and characterized to better immobilize the reference molecule 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA). Electron transmission microscopy results demonstrated that the PAM film helps Au NRs to pack closely, enhancing the stability of the material structure and reducing the interference of external environmental factors on the response of 4-MBA, thus improving the accuracy of quantitative determination.

Immunomodulation of exopolysaccharide produced by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ZFM216 in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice by modulating gut microbiota.

This study investigated the immunoregulatory activity of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ZFM216 in immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX). The results showed that EPS treatment effectively improved the body weight, immune organ index and splenic lymphocyte proliferation. EPS also mitigated the damage of immune organs, restored intestinal morphology, and regulated the levels of serum hemolysin and cytokines (e.

Long-term clinical efficacy of dietary fiber supplementation in middle-aged and elderly prediabetic patients.

Aims: Dietary fiber (DF) can be separated from food and convenient to take, and has an important role in diabetes prevention, but long-term intervention data are lacking. This study evaluated the long-term benefits of DF supplementation on body composition, glucose-lipid metabolism, and clinical regression in middle-aged and elderly patients with prediabetes.

Methods: A randomized, controlled, open clinical study was conducted.

Endocytosis: the match point of nanoparticle-based cancer therapy.

Nanomedicine has inspired a ground-breaking strategy for cancer therapy. By intelligently assembling diverse moieties to form nanoparticles, numerous functionalities such as controlled release, synergistic efficiency, and killing can be achieved. The emerging nanoparticles have been designed with elevated targeting efficiency as targeting cancer cells is the primary requirement for nanoparticles.

Effects of Latilactobacillus sakei LZ217 on Gastric Mucosal Colonization, Metabolic Interference, and Urease Expression in Helicobacter pylori Infection.

Emerging evidence suggests differential antagonism of lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB) to Helicobacter pylori, posing challenges to human health and food safety due to unclear mechanisms. This study assessed 21 LAB strains from various sources on H. pylori growth, urease activity, and coaggregation.

Immunocyte membrane-derived biomimetic nano-drug delivery system: a pioneering platform for tumour immunotherapy.

Tumor immunotherapy characterized by its high specificity and minimal side effects has achieved revolutionary progress in the field of cancer treatment. However, the complex mechanisms of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and the individual variability of patients' immune system still present significant challenges to its clinical application. Immunocyte membrane-coated nanocarrier systems, as an innovative biomimetic drug delivery platform, exhibit remarkable advantages in tumor immunotherapy due to their high targeting capability, good biocompatibility and low immunogenicity.

Effects of Maternal Diet on Infant Health: A Review Based on Entero-Mammary Pathway of Intestinal Microbiota.

Scope: The microbes in breast milk are critical for the early establishment of infant gut microbiota and have important implications for infant health. Breast milk microbes primarily derive from the migration of maternal intestinal microbiota. This review suggests that the regulation of maternal diet on gut microbiota may be an effective strategy to improve infant health.

Metabolism of quercitrin in the colon and its beneficial regulatory effects on gut microbiota.

Background: Quercitrin is a dietary flavonoid widely found in plants with various physiological activities. However, whether quercitrin alters gut microbiota in vivo is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate metabolism of quercitrin in the colon and its regulation on gut microbiota in mice.

Potential effects of aerosol generation and transmission during bedside endoscope cleaning.

Airborne transmission is among the most frequent types of nosocomial infection. Recent years have witnessed frequent outbreaks of airborne diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with the latter being on the rampage since the end of 2019 and bringing the effect of aerosols on health back to the fore (Gralton et al., 2011; Wang et al.

Dress me an outfit: advanced probiotics hybrid systems for intelligent IBD therapy.

Inflammation bowel disease (IBD) has emerged as a public health challenge worldwide; with high incidence and rapid prevalence, it has troubled billions of people and further induced multitudinous systemic complications. Recent decade has witnessed the vigorous application of food-borne probiotics for IBD therapy; however, the complicated and changeable environments of digestive tract have forced probiotics to face multiple pressures, consequently causing unsatisfied prophylactic or therapeutic efficacy attributed to off-targeted arrival, damaged viability, insufficient colonization efficiency, etc. Fortunately, arisen hybrid technology has provided versatile breakthroughs for the targeted transplantation of probiotics.

Relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver and progressive fibrosis and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: We aimed to analyze the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver and progressive fibrosis and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: A total of 184 patients with T2DM who were hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology of the ShiDong Clinical Hospital between January 2023 and June 2023 were selected. We compared review of anthropometric, biochemical, and inflammatory parameters and non-invasive scores between groups defined by ultrasound NAFLD severity grades.

Exopolysaccharide from alleviates gastritis in -infected mice by regulating gastric microbiota.

Introduction: Many probiotics have the ability to produce extracellular polysaccharides (EPS). EPS derived from these probiotics has been confirmed to regulate the host intestinal microecological balance and alleviate the symptoms of diseases caused by gastrointestinal microecological imbalance.

Results: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strain with good exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing ability, namely, ZFM54 ( ZFM54) was screened.

Rh(III)-catalyzed atroposelective C-H alkynylation of 1-aryl isoquinolines with hypervalent iodine-alkyne reagents.

An efficient Rh(III)-catalyzed enantioselective C-H alkynylation of isoquinolines is disclosed. The C-H alkynylation of 1-aryl isoquinolines with hypervalent iodine-alkyne reagents proceeded in DMA at room temperature in the presence of 2.5 mol% chiral SCpRh(III) complex along with 20 mol% AgSbF, providing axially chiral alkynylated 1-aryl isoquinolines in excellent yields (up to 93%) and enantioselectivity (up to 95% ee).

Plasmon near-field coupling and universal scaling behavior in shifted-core coaxial nano-cavity pair.

We computationally and analytically investigate the plasmon near-field coupling phenomenon and the associated universal scaling behavior in a pair of coupled shifted-core coaxial nano-cavities. Each nano-cavity is composed of an InGaAsP gain medium sandwiched between a silver (Ag) core and an Ag shell. The evanescent coupling between the cavities lifts the degeneracy of the cut-off free transverse electromagnetic (TEM) like mode.