Absence of gut microbiota alleviates iron overload-induced colitis by modulating ferroptosis in mice.

Introduction: Iron overload disrupts gut microbiota and induces ferroptosis, contributing to colitis. However, whether gut microbiota directly drives iron overload-induced colitis and its underlying mechanism remain unclear.

Objectives: The study aimed to explore whether gut microbiota can directly regulate iron overload-induced colitis and its underling mechanism.

Population Pharmacokinetics of Meropenem Across the Adult Lifespan.

Background And Objective: We conducted an opportunistic pharmacokinetic study to evaluate the population pharmacokinetics of meropenem, an antimicrobial commonly used to treat Gram-negative infections in adults of different ages, including older adults, and determined optimal dosing regimens.

Methods: A total of 99 patients were included. The population pharmacokinetic models used had two compartments: zero-order input and linear elimination.

Addition of SHR-1701 to first-line capecitabine and oxaliplatin (XELOX) plus bevacizumab for unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer.

This phase 2/3 trial (NCT04856787) assessed the efficacy and safety of SHR-1701, a bifunctional protein targeting PD-L1 and TGF-β, in combination with BP102 (a bevacizumab biosimilar) and XELOX (capecitabine plus oxaliplatin) as a first-line treatment for unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). In this phase 2 study, a total of 62 patients with untreated, histologically confirmed colorectal adenocarcinoma and no prior systemic therapy for metastatic disease were enrolled. Patients received SHR-1701 (30 mg/kg), bevacizumab (7.

Physiological and ecological responses of flue-cured tobacco to field chilling stress: insights from metabolomics and proteomics.

Introduction: Currently, research on tobacco's response to chilling stress is mostly limited to laboratory simulations, where temperature is controlled to study physiological and molecular responses. However, laboratory conditions cannot fully replicate the complex environment of field chilling stress, so conducting research under field conditions is crucial for understanding the multi-level adaptive mechanisms of tobacco to chilling stress in natural environments.

Methods: This study aims to use field trials, starting from physiological responses, combined with proteomics and untargeted metabolomics, to systematically reveal the physiological and biochemical characteristics and key molecular mechanisms of tobacco leaves under chilling stress.

Tobacco production under global climate change: combined effects of heat and drought stress and coping strategies.

With the intensification of global climate change, high-temperature and drought stress have emerged as critical environmental stressors affecting tobacco plants' growth, development, and yield. This study provides a comprehensive review of tobacco's physiological and biochemical responses to optimal temperature conditions and limited irrigation across various growth stages. It assesses the effects of these conditions on yield and quality, along with the synergistic interactions and molecular mechanisms associated with these stressors.

Screening for Lung Cancer, Overdiagnosis, and Healthcare Utilization: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

Introduction: Guideline-discordant low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening may cause lung cancer (LC) overdiagnosis, but its extent and consequences are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of self-initiated, non-reimbursed LDCT screening in a predominantly non-smoking population and its impact on LC epidemiology and healthcare utilization.

Methods: This nationwide cohort study analyzed data from Korea's National Health Information Database (NHID) and eleven academic hospital screening centers (1999-2022).

Utilizing an Opportunistic Clinical Study and Population-Based Pharmacokinetic Models to Identify Rational Empiric Dosing Regimens for Piperacillin-Tazobactam in Critically Ill Patients.

Determining an effective dosing regimen for piperacillin-tazobactam in critically ill patients is challenging due to substantial pharmacokinetic variability caused by complex pathophysiological changes. To address this need, a prospective clinical study was conducted, which enrolled 112 critically ill patients and employed an opportunistic sampling strategy. Population modeling and simulation were performed to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) and probability of target attainment (PTA) of piperacillin-tazobactam under various dosing regimens.

Yes-associated protein-mediated melatonin regulates the function of periodontal ligament stem cells under oxidative stress conditions.

Background: Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) regenerate oral tissue. expansion causes replicative senescence in stem cells. This causes intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, which can impair stem cell function.

Analysis of Added Postoperative Diplopia After Transnasal Endoscopic Inferomedial Wall Decompression for Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy.

Background: The authors retrospectively analyzed the reported rate of added diplopia and associated factors in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) after transnasal endoscopic inferomedial wall decompression, to illuminate the issue and look for ways to improve prognosis.

Methods: Retrospective analysis was done on the medical records of patients with moderate-to-severe TAO between 2023-01 and 2024-01. Under general anesthesia, transnasal endoscopic inferomedial wall decompression was carried out on each subject.

Minimally Invasive Image-Guided Percutaneous Irreversible Electroporation of Adrenal Metastases.

Purpose: A single-center retrospective study was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive irreversible electroporation (IRE) to treat metastatic adrenal tumors.

Materials And Methods: This single-center study, approved by the Institutional Review Board, retrospectively analyzed six patients who underwent image-guided percutaneous IRE for adrenal metastases. Pre-procedural imaging included CT, MRI and/or F-FDG PET-CT scans.

Clinical significance of CA 19-9 elevation during postoperative surveillance for extrahepatic bile duct cancer: a nomogram-based approach for the prediction of short-term recurrence.

Background: This study aimed to assess the significance of elevated carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 in postoperative surveillance of extrahepatic bile duct cancer and to identify short-term recurrence predictors.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with elevated CA 19-9 post-curative surgery. Patients were categorized into positive and negative CT groups based on the detection of recurrence at CA 19-9 elevation.

Central retinal artery occlusion following surgery for thyroid eye disease: A case report.

Rationale: Thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most common orbital disorder in adults and significantly affects patient health. Orbital decompression surgery is an important treatment option. Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) after orbital medial wall decompression is rare in patients with TED.

Establishment and Validation of a Dynamic Nomogram for Persistent Organ Failure in Acute Biliary Pancreatitis: A Retrospective Study.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to create a predictive model for the onset of persistent organ failure (POF) in individuals suffering from acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP) by utilizing indicators observed within 24 hours of hospital admission. Early detection of high-risk POF patients is crucial for clinical decision-making.

Patients And Methods: Clinical data and laboratory indicators within 24 hours of admission from ABP patients diagnosed at The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between January 1, 2016, and January 1, 2024 were collected and retrospectively analyzed.

Comprehensive malnutritional index for predicting clinical outcomes in locally advanced rectal cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

The objective of this investigation was to assess the prognostic significance of the comprehensive malnutritional index (CNI) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by surgery. A total of 240 LARC patients were recruited. The CNI was calculated using principal components analysis based on hemoglobin (Hb), total lymphocyte count (TLC), albumin (ALB), body mass index (BMI), and usual body weight percentage (UBW%).

Development of a nanobody-horseradish peroxidase fusion-based competitive ELISA to rapidly and sensitively detect Enrofloxacin residues in animal-derived foods.

The ability to reliably detect enrofloxacin in animal-derived food products has important health implications. In the present study, a nanobody-horseradish peroxidase fusion specific for ENR was generated to enable a sensitive and rapid competitive ELISA suitable for detecting enrofloxacin in samples of milk and animal tissue. An enrofloxacin hapten generated via the glutaraldehyde method was initially used to immunize an adult Bactrian camel as a means of constructing a phage library.

[Accuracy of tooth segmentation algorithm based on deep learning].

Purpose: The established automatic AI tooth segmentation algorithm was used to achieve rapid and automatic tooth segmentation from CBCT images. The three-dimensional data obtained by oral scanning of real isolated teeth were used as the gold standard to verify the accuracy of the algorithm.

Methods: Thirty sets of CBCT data and corresponding 59 isolated teeth were collected from Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists before upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and risk of pulmonary aspiration or discontinuation of procedure: cohort study.

Objective: To assess whether use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists before upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is associated with increased risk of pulmonary aspiration or discontinuation of the procedure compared with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors.

Design: Cohort study.

Setting: Two deidentified US commercial healthcare databases.

Semi-supervised segmentation of cardiac chambers from LGE-CMR using feature consistency awareness.

Background: Late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (LGE-CMR) is a valuable cardiovascular imaging technique. Segmentation of cardiac chambers from LGE-CMR is a fundamental step in electrophysiological modeling and cardiovascular disease diagnosis. Deep learning methods have demonstrated extremely promising performance.