Insights into Treponema pallidum genomics from modern and ancient genomes using a novel mapping strategy.

Background: Treponemal diseases are a significant global health risk, presenting challenges to public health and severe consequences to individuals if left untreated. Despite numerous genomic studies on Treponema pallidum and the known possible biases introduced by the choice of the reference genome used for mapping, few investigations have addressed how these biases affect phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of these bacteria. In this study, we ascertain the importance of selecting an appropriate genomic reference on phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of T.

Determination of clostebol residues in the urine of slaughter animals using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Introduction: Synthetic anabolic hormones, which may pose a potential risk to human health, should not be used in fattening food-producing animals. Because of the hormonal effects they cause, growth-promoting compounds are banned by legislation in the EU for use in animal husbandry. Consequently, all EU member states are required to conduct monitoring tests on the content and residues of these compounds in prescribed biological matrices to ensure the safety of food consumers.

Searching for a relationship between the elemental composition of archaeological bones and the occurrence of caries.

Background: Although the macroscopic assessment of dental caries and the assessment of bone elemental composition are quite different, efforts can be made to identify commonalities in the assessment of health and nutritional quality. Both indicators are correlated with dietary habits and are dependent on taphonomic processes occurring in the postmortem substrate. However, teeth exhibit structural resilience of their hard tissues to adverse environmental factors.

Dental pulp stem cells - A basic research and future application in regenerative medicine.

Dental pulp is a valuable and accessible source of stem cells (DPSCs) with characteristics similar to mesenchymal stem cells. DPSCs can regenerate a range of tissues and their potential for clinical application in regenerative medicine is promising. DPSCs have been found to express low levels of Class II HLA-DR (MHC) molecules, making them potential candidates for allogeneic transplantation without matching the donor's tissue.

The hepatocyte epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway regulates the cellular interactome within the liver fibrotic niche.

Liver fibrosis is the consequence of chronic liver injury in the presence of an inflammatory component. Although the main executors of this activation are known, the mechanisms that lead to the inflammatory process that mediates the production of pro-fibrotic factors are not well characterized. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in hepatocytes is essential for the regenerative processes of the liver; however, its potential role in regulating the fibrotic niche is not yet clear.

New Equations for the Estimation of the Age of the Formation of the Harris Lines.

Harris Lines (HLs) are transverse, sclerotic lines that can be visualized by X-ray imaging and that occur in long bones, most commonly in the tibia and femur. HLs are associated with disrupted bone mineralization during endochondral ossification, affecting the normal growth process. The etiology of HLs is debated, with some claims linking their presence to detrimental factors such as inflammation, malnutrition, alcohol abuse, and diseases.

Population Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling and Probability of Target Attainment Analysis of Rocuronium and Sugammadex in Children Undergoing Surgery.

Background And Objectives: Probability of target attainment (PTA) curves are commonly used to support dose recommendations of antibiotics for different patient groups. In this study we propose PTA analysis to optimize sugammadex dosing in children.

Methods: This study involved data from an observational cohort study of 30 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status I and II children undergoing surgery requiring muscle relaxation.

Bioevaluation of magnetic mesoporous silica rods: cytotoxicity, cell uptake and biodistribution in zebrafish and rodents.

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) characterized by large surface area, pore volume, tunable chemistry, and biocompatibility have been widely studied in nanomedicine as imaging and therapeutic carriers. Most of these studies focused on spherical particles. In contrast, mesoporous silica rods (MSR) that are more challenging to prepare have been less investigated in terms of toxicity, cellular uptake, or biodistribution.

Acute colonic flexures: the basis for developing an artificial intelligence-based tool for predicting the course of colonoscopy.

Tortuosity of the colon is an important parameter for predicting the course of colonoscopy. Computed tomography scans of the abdominal cavity were performed in 224 (94 female, 130 male) adult subjects. The number of acute (angle not exceeding 90°) bends between adjacent colonic segments was noted and analyzed.

Morphology of the antegonial notch and its utility in the determination of sex on skeletal materials.

A number of criteria for the assessment of biological sex, which are applied to living or recently deceased individuals, have been developed, such as genetic, chromosomal, gonadal, hormonal, and phenotypic criteria. Features of a metric and descriptive nature are used to assess the sex of skeletal materials. The diagnostic features of the skull are concentrated in the craniofacial region and around the eye sockets.

Magnetic Mesoporous Silica Nanorods Loaded with Ceria and Functionalized with Fluorophores for Multimodal Imaging.

Multifunctional magnetic nanocomposites based on mesoporous silica have a wide range of potential applications in catalysis, biomedicine, or sensing. Such particles combine responsiveness to external magnetic fields with other functionalities endowed by the agents loaded inside the pores or conjugated to the particle surface. Different applications might benefit from specific particle morphologies.

Nutritional reconstruction in an early modern population: Searching for a relationship between dental microwear and bone element composition.

Background: Observing the microwear patterns of the dental crowns enamel surface can provide information on the ingredients and structure of the food consumed, but also on eating habits and lifestyle. Major role in reconstructing the diet and lifestyle of past populations is played by the analysis of alkaline earth metals, such as strontium, barium, zinc and calcium. Ba and Sr are indicators of the consumption of vegetables, plants (cereals and legumes) and marine organisms.

Influence of Holes Manufacture Technology on Perforated Plate Aerodynamics.

Transpiration flow is a very important and still open subject in many technical applications. Perforated walls are useful for the purpose of "flow control", as well as for the cooling of walls and blades (effusive cooling) in gas turbines. We are still not able to include large numbers of holes in the numerical calculations and therefore we need physical models.

Descending-sigmoid colon flexure - An important but surprisingly ignored landmark.

Background: In invasive examinations of the colon, e.g. colonoscopy, the tortuosity of the colon is a crucial factor for successful completion of the procedure.

Estimation of age at onset of linear enamel hypoplasia. New calculation tool, description and comparison of current methods.

Enamel Hypoplasia (EH) is known to be a useful indicator for wide range of detrimental factors in early childhood in past populations, such as nutritional disturbances, mechanical trauma, disease, metabolic, and/or genetic disorders. EH may be divided into three categories: pits, grooves, and lines, where the last two are referred to as "Linear Enamel Hypoplasia" (LEH). The regularity of enamel formation allows retrospective determination of the age of LEH formation.

New Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor Systems Based on Bis-(Imino-1,8-Naphthalimide).

In this paper, six novel symmetrical bis-(imino-1,8-naphthalimides) differing in core and N-substituent structure were synthesized, and their thermal (TGA, DSC), optical (UV-Vis, PL), electrochemical (DPV, CV) properties were evaluated. The compounds were stable to 280 °C and could be transferred into amorphous materials. Electrochemical investigations showed their ability to occur reductions and oxidations processes.

Ultrasound evaluation of the radial artery in young adults - A pilot study.

Unlabelled: The radial artery is a vessel frequently used in various medical procedures which carry a risk of complications. One such method used to minimize the number of complications is a profound knowledge of the artery's diameter, which allows for appropriate selection of an instrument to use for puncture. The purpose of this study is to determine the diameter of the radial artery and its depth from the skin surface in young adults.

Topography of muscular branches of the superficial fibular nerve based on anatomical preparation of human foetuses.

Background: The progress of pediatric surgery and increasingly better diagnosis of fetal defects require detailed knowledge of human developmental anatomy. Precise knowledge of the anatomy of innervation of the lower extremities corresponds to this subject and is not only cognitive but also clinically important. The aim of this study was to analyse the anatomy of the topography of the muscular branches of the superficial fibular nerve (NPS) in the prenatal period, which will fill a gap in the literature.

Carbazole effect on ground- and excited-state properties of rhenium(i) carbonyl complexes with extended terpy-like ligands.

The ground- and excited-state properties of three novel complexes [ReCl(CO)(L-κN)] bearing 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine, 2,6-di(thiazol-2-yl)pyridine and 2,6-di(pyrazin-2-yl)pyridine functionalized with 9-carbazole attached to the central pyridine ring of the triimine core via phenylene linkage were investigated by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods and were simulated using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT. To get a deeper and broader understanding of structure-property relationships, the designed Re(i) carbonyl complexes were compared with previously reported analogous systems - without any groups attached to the phenyl ring and bearing pyrrolidine instead of 9-carbazole. The results indicated that attachment of the N-carbazolyl substituent to the triimine core has less influence on the nature of the triplet excited state of [ReCl(CO)(L-κN)] than the pyrrolidine group.

Assessing weaning stress - Relations between enamel hypoplasia, δO and δC values in human teeth obtained from early modern cemeteries in Wroclaw, Poland.

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to assess linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) on canines of adults from early modern Wroclaw cemeteries to compare δC and δO values in enamel formed before, during and after LEH formation, and to attempt to find a link between the selected indicators of the weaning process.

Material And Methods: 15 permanent canines with visible LEH were selected for analysis. Age at LEH formation was estimated using the Reid and Dean method.

Anatomy-related ratios predict colonoscopy incompleteness in similar examination conditions.

Background: Screening colonoscopy is one of the most popular modalities for screening and surveillance of colorectal cancer and other colon disorders.

Objectives: To introduce new ratios to predict the colonoscopy course in patients with similar characteristics.

Material And Methods: Five hundred screening colonoscopies (252 females and 248 males) were performed by an experienced endoscopist.

Influence of initial pH on the production of volatile fatty acids and hydrogen during dark fermentation of kitchen waste.

The purpose of this work was to determine the effect of initial pH on the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and hydrogen (H) in the dark fermentation processes of kitchen waste. The study was conducted in batch bioreactors of working volume 1 L for different initial pH in the range from 5.5 to 9.

Photoluminescence enhancement of Re(i) carbonyl complexes bearing D-A and D-π-A ligands.

Three Re(i) carbonyl complexes [ReCl(CO)3(Ln)] bearing 2,2'-bipyridine, 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine, and 1,10-phenanthroline functionalized with diphenylamine/or triphenylamine units (L1-L3) were synthesized to explore the impact of highly electron donating units appended to the imine ligand on the thermal and optoelectronic properties of Re(i) systems. Additionally, for comparison, the ligands L1-3 and parent complexes [ReCl(CO)3(bipy)], [ReCl(CO)3(phen)] and [ReCl(CO)3(terpy-κ2N)] were investigated. The thermal stability was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry.

Anatomical and Clinical Implications in Neocondyle Stability After a Condylectomy.

Unlabelled: : A condylectomy of the mandibular condyle is considered to be the treatment of choice in most cases of condylar head hyperactivity. The aim of the procedure is to remove the growth center of the mandible which is responsible for the mandibular enlargement and asymmetry. This surgical procedure has an impact on the condyle shape and position, but the restoration of mandibular movement and a stable joint position (namely, the proper alignment of the newly shaped condylar head within the condyle fossa) should also be considered important surgical outcomes.

Production of volatile fatty acids and H for different ratio of inoculum to kitchen waste.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different inoculum ratio on the dark fermentation of kitchen waste in terms of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and H production. The experiments were performed in batch bioreactors of effective volume 1 L without pH regulation. The ratio between the DS and KW was being increased from 0.