Dynamics of Cognitive Impairment in MCI Patients over a Three-Year Period: The Informative Role of Blood Biomarkers, Neuroimaging, and Genetic Factors.

Given the high growth rates of cognitive decline among the elderly population and the lack of effective etiological treatments, early diagnosis of cognitive impairment progression is an imperative task for modern science and medicine. It is of particular interest to identify predictors of an unfavorable subsequent course of cognitive disorders, specifically, rapid progression. Our study assessed the informative role of various risk factors on the dynamics of cognitive impairment among mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients.

Gene Polymorphism Modifies the Effect of Common Gene Variants on Severe Toxicity in Patients with Gastrointestinal Tumors Treated with Fluoropyrimidine-Based Anticancer Therapy.

To reduce severe fluoropyrimidine-related toxicity, pharmacogenetic guidelines recommend a dose reduction for carriers of four high-risk variants in the gene (*2A, *13, c.2846A>T, HapB3). The polymorphism in the gene has been shown to enhance the predictive value of these variants.

Mutations in Mismatch Repair Genes and Microsatellite Instability Status in Pancreatic Cancer.

Patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) showing mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency may benefit from immunotherapy. Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a hallmark of MMR deficiency (MMR-D). Here, we estimated the prevalence of MSI in PC, investigated germline and somatic mutations in the three MMR genes (, , and ), and assessed the relationship between MMR genes mutations and MSI status in PC.

Mini-Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for the Global Population of .

The increasing problem of antimicrobial resistance in necessitates the development of molecular typing schemes that are suitable for rapid and mass screening. The objective of this study was to design and validate a mini-MLST scheme for based on global pathogen population data. Using sequences of seven housekeeping genes of 21,402 isolates with known MLSTs from the PubMLST database, we identified eighteen informative polymorphisms and obtained mini-MLST nucleotide profiles to predict MLSTs of isolates.

Modern Approaches to the Diagnosis of Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Literature Review.

Background: The aging of the worlds population leads to an increase in the prevalence of age-related diseases, including cognitive impairment. At the stage of dementia, therapeutic interventions become usually ineffective. Therefore, researchers and clinical practitioners today are looking for methods that allow for early diagnosis of cognitive impairment, including techniques that are based on the use of biological markers.

Evaluation of the Polygenic Risk Score for Alzheimer's Disease in Russian Patients with Dementia Using a Low-Density Hydrogel Oligonucleotide Microarray.

The polygenic risk score (PRS), together with the allele of the gene (), has shown high potential for Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk prediction. The aim of this study was to validate the model of polygenic risk in Russian patients with dementia. A microarray-based assay was developed to identify 21 markers of polygenic risk and alleles of the gene.

Alteration of Blood Immune Biomarkers in MCI Patients with Different Genotypes after Cognitive Training: A 1 Year Follow-Up Cohort Study.

Many studies aim to detect the early phase of dementia. One of the major ways to achieve this is to identify corresponding biomarkers, particularly immune blood biomarkers. The objective of this study was to identify such biomarkers in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in an experiment that included cognitive training.

Gonococcal Genetic Island in the Global Population: A Model of Genetic Diversity and Association with Resistance to Antimicrobials.

The aim of this work was to study the genetic diversity of the gonococcal genetic island (GGI) responsible for the type IV secretion system (T4SS) and the association of a functionally active GGI with antimicrobial resistance. An analysis of the GGI in a sample of 14,763 genomes of isolates from the Pathogenwatch database collected in 1996-2019 from 68 countries was performed. A model of GGI's genetic diversity that divides the global gonococcal population into fifty-one GGI clusters and three GGI superclusters based on the allele type of the gene and substitutions of the and genes for and has been proposed, reflecting differences among isolates in the T4SS functionality.

Emergence of Azithromycin-Resistant Isolates Belonging to the NG-MAST Genogroup 12302 in Russia.

The goal of this work was to determine the factors affecting the emergence of azithromycin-resistant isolates in Russia, where azithromycin was never recommended for the treatment of gonococcal infections. isolates collected in 2018-2021 (428 isolates) were analyzed. No azithromycin-resistant isolates were found in 2018-2019, but in 2020-2021, a significant increase in the ratio of azithromycin-resistant isolates was observed: 16.

Azithromycin Susceptibility Testing and Molecular Investigation of Isolates Collected in Russia, 2020-2021.

The aim of this work was to study the resistance to macrolides (azithromycin) in the modern Russian population of with the analysis of genetic resistance determinants. Azithromycin is not used to treat gonococcal infection in Russia. However, among 162 isolates collected in 2020-2021, 22 isolates (13.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Methods for Detection of Antibodies against Type I Interferons in Patients with Endocrine Disorders.

Autoantibodies against type 1 interferons (IFN-I) are a highly specific marker for type 1 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS-1). Moreover, determination of antibodies to omega-interferon (IFN-ω) and alpha2-interferon (IFN-α2) allows a short-term diagnosis in patients with isolated and atypical forms of APS-1. In this study, a comparison of three different methods, namely multiplex microarray-based, cell-based and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of antibodies against omega-interferon and alpha2-interferon, was carried out.

Genomic Diversity and Chromosomal Rearrangements in and .

Chromosomal rearrangements in and were studied with the determination of mobile elements and their role in rearrangements. The results of whole-genome sequencing and de novo genome assembly for 50 collected in Russia were compared with 96 genomes of and 138 genomes of from the databases. Rearrangement events with the determination of the coordinates of syntenic blocks were analyzed using the SibeliaZ software v.

Association of Alleles of Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II Genes and Severity of COVID-19 in Patients of the 'Red Zone' of the Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russia.

The aim of this study was to assess the correlations of clinical features of patients with moderate and severe courses of COVID-19, comorbidity (endocrine, autoimmune, cardiovascular, oncological, and pulmonary diseases), and alleles of the HLA class II system genes. One hundred COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia, were analyzed for age, gender, smoking, comorbidity, and invasive mechanical ventilation. Computer tomography was used to assess the severity of the disease.

Positive Effect of Cognitive Training in Older Adults with Different Genotypes and COVID-19 History: A 1-Year Follow-Up Cohort Study.

(1) Background: Older people suffer from cognitive decline; several risk factors contribute to greater cognitive decline. We used acquired (COVID-19 infection) and non-modifiable (presence of rs429358 and rs7412 polymorphisms) factors to study the progression of subjective cognitive impairment while observing patients for one year. Cognitive training was used as a protective factor.

Antibiotic Resistance in : Challenges in Research and Treatment.

Gonococcal infection caused by the Gram-negative bacteria is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide [...

Prognosis of Alzheimer's Disease Using Quantitative Mass Spectrometry of Human Blood Plasma Proteins and Machine Learning.

Early recognition of the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset is a global challenge that requires the development of reliable and affordable screening methods for wide-scale application. Proteomic studies of blood plasma are of particular relevance; however, the currently proposed differentiating markers are poorly consistent. The targeted quantitative multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) assay of the reported candidate biomarkers (CBs) can contribute to the creation of a consistent marker panel.

Susceptibility to β-Lactam Antibiotics and Viability of Strains Producing Plasmid-Mediated Broad- and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases.

plasmids can mediate high-level antimicrobial resistance. The emergence of clinical isolates producing plasmid β-lactamases that can hydrolyze cephalosporins, the mainstay treatment for gonorrhea, may be a serious threat. In this work, strains producing plasmid-mediated broad- and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) were obtained , and their viability and β-lactam antibiotic susceptibility were studied.

Comparative Whole-Genome Analysis of Isolates Revealed Changes in the Gonococcal Genetic Island and Specific Genes as a Link to Antimicrobial Resistance.

Comparative whole-genome analysis was performed for isolates belonging to the multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) types predominant worldwide - 225, 1407, 2400, 2992, and 4186 - and to genogroup 807, the most common genogroup in the Russian Federation. Here, for the first time, the complete genomes of 25 isolates from genogroup 807 were obtained. For NG-MAST types 225, 1407, 2400, 2992, and 4186, genomes from the Pathogenwatch database were used.

Microarray-Based Detection of Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Proteins, Common Respiratory Viruses and Type I Interferons.

A microarray-based assay to detect IgG and IgM antibodies against betacoronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2, SARS, MERS, OC43, and HKU1), other respiratory viruses and type I interferons (IFN-Is) was developed. This multiplex assay was applied to track antibody cross-reactivity due to previous contact with similar viruses and to identify antibodies against IFN-Is as the markers for severe COVID-19. In total, 278 serum samples from convalescent plasma donors, COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and patients who recovered from mild/moderate COVID-19, vaccine recipients, prepandemic and pandemic patients with autoimmune endocrine disorders, and a heterogeneous prepandemic cohort including healthy individuals and chronically ill patients were analyzed.

Hydrogel Droplet Microarray for Genotyping Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in Isolates.

A multiplex assay based on a low-density hydrogel microarray was developed to identify genomic substitutions in that determine resistance to the currently recommended treatment agents ceftriaxone and azithromycin and the previously used drugs penicillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin. The microarray identifies 74 drug resistance determinants in the  , , , , , , , , , and 23S rRNA genes. The hydrogel elements were formed by automated dispensing of nanoliter-volume droplets followed by UV-induced copolymerization of NH-containing oligonucleotides with gel-forming monomers.

Prediction of ceftriaxone MIC in Neisseria gonorrhoeae using DNA microarray technology and regression analysis.

Background: Decreased susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to extended-spectrum cephalosporins is a major concern. Elucidation of the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of such isolates is a priority task.

Methods: We developed a method for predicting the N.

Multiplex Autoantibody Detection in Patients with Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndromes.

The diagnosis of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) types 1/2 is difficult due to their rarity and nonspecific clinical manifestations. APS-1 development can be identified with assays for autoantibodies against cytokines, and APS-2 development with organ-specific antibodies. In this study, a microarray-based multiplex assay was proposed for simultaneous detection of both organ-specific (anti-21-OH, anti-GAD-65, anti-IA2, anti-ICA, anti-TG, and anti-TPO) and APS-1-specific (anti-IFN-ω, anti-IFN-α-2a, and anti-IL-22) autoantibodies.

Molecular Typing of Clinical Isolates in Russia, 2018-2019: A Link Between Alleles and NG-MAST Types.

This work aimed to study gene polymorphisms in clinical isolates of collected in Russia in 2018-2019 and the contribution of the allele type to susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics. A total of 182 isolates were analyzed. allele types were determined by sequencing, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of benzylpenicillin and ceftriaxone were measured.