Cervical cancer in women under 30 years of age in Norway: a population-based cohort study.

Background: We compared women with incident cervical cancer under the age of 30 with older women with regard to stage, morphology, screening history and cervical cancer mortality in a population-based cohort study.

Methods: We included data from the Cancer Registry of Norway. Incidence rates (per 100,000 women-years) were calculated and joinpoint regression was used to analyse trends.

Comparison of cytology and human papillomavirus-based primary testing in cervical screening programs in the Nordic countries.

Objective: To compare primary test positivity in cytology and human papillomavirus-based screening between different Nordic cervical cancer screening programs using harmonized register data.

Methods: This study utilized individual-level data available in national databases in Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. Cervical test data from each country were converted to standard format and aggregated by calculating the number of test episodes for every test result for each calendar year and one-year age group and test method.

Adherence to international recommendations in the governance and organisation of Nordic cervical cancer screening programmes.

Introduction: Screening has been the primary reason for the decline in the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in the Nordic countries since the beginning of screening in the 1960s. Recently, the incidence of cervical cancer has increased in the Nordic countries indicating the need to look closely at possibilities for further improvement in screening. This article provides an overview of cervical cancer screening programmes in the Nordic countries and whether the programmes adhere to international recommendations.

Atypical glandular lesions of the cervix and risk of cervical cancer.

Introduction: Cytology screening has been effective in reducing risks for cervical squamous cell carcinoma but less so for adenocarcinoma. We explored the association of atypical glandular cells or absence of glandular cells in cytology, and subsequent histological diagnoses and cancer risk.

Material And Methods: All women in Norway with atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS), adenocarcinoma in situ (ACIS) and normal/benign cells, but absence of endocervical or metaplastic cells (NC-NEC) in their first cytology during 1992-2014 (NC-NEC; 2005-2014), recorded in the Cancer Registry of Norway, were included (n = 142 445).

NordScreen - an interactive tool for presenting cervical cancer screening indicators in the Nordic countries.

Quality assurance and improvement of cancer screening programs require up-to-date monitoring systems and evidence-based indicators. National quality reports exist but the definition and calculation of indicators vary making comparisons between countries difficult. The aim is to stimulate collaborative research and quality improvements in screening through freely available, comparable and regularly updated quality indicators.

Low proportion of unreported cervical treatments in the cancer registry of Norway between 1998 and 2013.

Background: Accurate information about treatment is needed to evaluate cervical cancer prevention efforts. We studied completeness and validity of reporting cervical treatments in the Cancer Registry of Norway (CRN).

Material And Methods: We identified 47,423 (92%) high-grade cervical dysplasia patients with and 3983 (8%) without recorded treatment in the CRN in 1998-2013.

Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes After Treatment for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia.

Objective: To explore associations between specific treatments for intraepithelial or early invasive cervical lesions and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study in which treatment data from the Cancer Registry of Norway were linked to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway to identify adverse pregnancy outcomes. All women (n=545,243) with singleton births (N=943,321) in Norway during 1998-2014 were included; 9,554 of births were in women treated before delivery.

Results of delayed triage by HPV testing and cytology in the Norwegian Cervical Cancer Screening Programme.

Background: High-risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV) testing was added to the cytology triage of women with equivocal screening smears in the Norwegian programme for cervical cancer screening in 2005. In this population-based observational before and after study we assessed the effect of changing the screening algorithm.

Material And Methods: In periods before and after the change 75 852 and 66 616 women, respectively, were eligible for triage, i.

Prospective seroepidemiologic study of human papillomavirus and other risk factors in cervical cancer.

Background: Several sexually transmitted infections (STI) have been reported to interact with human papillomavirus (HPV) in the etiology of cervical cancer. A large cohort study is required to obtain a both unbiased and stable estimate of their effects.

Methods: Four major biobanks in the Nordic Countries containing samples from about 1,000,000 subjects were linked with nation-wide cancer registries.

Factors associated with non-attendance, opportunistic attendance and reminded attendance to cervical screening in an organized screening program: a cross-sectional study of 12,058 Norwegian women.

Background: Cervical cancer incidence and mortality may be reduced by organized screening. Participant compliance with the attendance recommendations of the screening program is necessary to achieve this. Knowledge about the predictors of compliance is needed in order to enhance screening attendance.

Awareness of human papillomavirus in a cohort of nearly 70,000 women from four Nordic countries.

Objective: To assess the fraction of women who have heard of human papillomavirus (HPV) in four Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) and to study the correlates of this awareness, just before the vaccines were released.

Design: Population-based cross-sectional study by means of a questionnaire. Setting.

[Cervical cancer after 10 years of nationally coordinated screening].

Background: A cervical cancer screening programme has been operating on a national level since 1995. Women aged 25-69 years who have not had a Pap smear in the previous 3-year period, are recommended by letter to contact a doctor and have a smear taken. The aims of the programme are a more rational use of tests and to decrease the incidence and mortality of the disease.

Papanicolaou smear history in women with low-grade cytology before cervical cancer diagnosis.

Background: The purpose of the current study was to examine the screening histories of women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer (ICC) in 2000 who had previous Papanicolaou (Pap) smears deemed to be unsatisfactory or with low-grade findings that did not lead to biopsy.

Methods: A total of 252 Pap smears from 47 women taken between 1992 and 2000 were included in the study; 247 smears were reexamined at the laboratory of origin before the study and all 252 were then reexamined independently by 2 experienced cytotechnicians and 2 cytopathologists.

Results: Of the 47 cases of ICC, 35 were squamous cell carcinoma, 10 were adenocarcinoma, and 2 were other types.

Pap smear screening in women under 30 in the Norwegian Coordinated Cervical Cancer Screening Program, with a comparison of immediate biopsy vs Pap smear triage of moderate dysplasia.

Objective: Top provide population based estimates of Pap smear screening results among women under 30 and to compare the outcomes of 2 triage options for women under 30 with a moderate dysplastic Pap smear: immediate biopsy vs. Pap smear follow-up.

Study Design: All Pap smears, histologically verified cervical intraepithelial lesion (CIN) 2/3 and invasive cervical cancer in 1999-2002 from women in Norway under 30 in 2000-2002 were analyzed.

Screening histories of women with CIN 2/3 compared with women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer: a retrospective analysis of the Norwegian Coordinated Cervical Cancer Screening Program.

Objective: This study compares the screening history for women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2/3 or adenocarcinoma in situ (ACIS) with women with different stages and subtypes of cervical carcinoma.

Methods: An analysis of the Norwegian Coordinated Cervical Screening Program comparing all cases with a CIN 2/3/ACIS (N=8586) with all ICC (N=777) in the period 2000-2002. All Pap smears since 1992 were used to characterise detection mode and screening history.

Predicting CIN2+ when detecting HPV mRNA and DNA by PreTect HPV-proofer and consensus PCR: A 2-year follow-up of women with ASCUS or LSIL Pap smear.

It has been suggested that human papillomavirus (HPV) testing improves follow-up of atypical cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) in cervical cancer screening programs. To evaluate the prognostic value of including HPV testing as an adjunct to cytology, we carried out a 2-year follow-up study of 77 women with ASCUS or LSIL Papanicolaou (Pap) smear in the Norwegian Cervical Cancer Screening Program (NCCSP) for detection of histological cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2+. The study includes a comparison between viral mRNA and DNA detection.

CIN 2/3 and cervical cancer after an ASCUS pap smear. A 7-year, prospective study of the Norwegian population-based, coordinated screening program.

Objective: To estimate the risk of being diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2/3 or invasive cervical cancer (ICC) based on diagnostic and screening procedures performed after a diagnosis of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and to compare this risk to that in women with a normal Pap smears.

Study Design: A 7-year, prospective, cohort study was performed in the Norwegian population-based, coordinated screening program. After excluding women in the midst of follow-up of an abnormal Pap smear or with a history of CIN 2/3 or ICC, the study population consisted of women 25-69 years of age with a normal (n = 526,661) or ASCUS Pap smear (n = 10,037) in 1995-1996.