The Effect of the Agonist Cholecystokinin-4 D-GB-115 On the Character of Motor Activity of Paramecium caudatum.

The study investigated the effect of GABA in various concentrations and D-GB-115 at a concentration of 10 M on the behavior of Paramecium caudatum. It was shown that GABA increases motor activity and changes the movement strategy of these protozoans, and the dose-effect relationship is domed, which can be explained by the presence of two types of GABA receptors in the outer membrane of paramecia: GABA-A and GABA-B. The active concentrations of GABA range from 10 to 10 M.

Method for Primary Screening of Pharmaceuticals on the Paramecium caudatum Eukaryotic Cell Model.

The  effect  of  adrenaline  in  various  concentrations  and  dopamine  at  a  concentration  of 10 mol/mL on the behavior of Paramecium caudatum was studied. It is shown that adrenaline reduces motor activity and changes the movement strategy of these protozoans; a dose-dependent behavioral response on the drug concentration was observed. This effect can be explained by the presence of adrenaline receptors located on the surface of the cell membrane.

[The bioelectrical activity of the brain in an organic lesion of the central nervous system presenting in those who worked in the cleanup of the aftermath of the accident at Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

A study was made of brain bioelectric activity in 122 patients who developed organic lesions of the brain following their taking part in the elimination of the effects of Chernobyl disaster. A visual analysis was performed as was an assessment of the electroencephalogrammes (EEG) obtained, as recommended by E. A.

[Health status of persons with acute radiation sickness caused by Chernobyl AES accident].

After Chernobyl accident 75 survivors with acute radiation syndrome (ARS) have been under observation in the Clinic of the Institute of Biophysics. Years after accident serious problems occurred in the individuals, who suffered from late effects from radiation injuries (late radiation ulcers and radiation cataracts). One patient suffered on hypernephroma, one-kidney cyst.

[Radiosensitivity and postradiation kinetics of megakaryocyte release of the bone marrow (analysis based on data of the Chernobyl AES accident sequelae)].

The radiosensitivity of cellular elements of megakaryocytic spring in accordance of their maturity has been evaluated on the basis of analysis of changes in thrombocyte level in peripheral blood of the Chernobyl disaster victims. The radiosensitivity of committed cellular elements of megakaryocytic spring by the criterion D0 is presumably 1.6-1.

[Radiosensitivity of erythropoietic stem cells (from the data on the aftereffects of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

The radiosensibility of erythropoietic tissue cells was estimated on the basis of analysis of erythrocyte and reticulocyte quantity changes in peripheral blood of the victims of the disaster on the Chernobyl NPP. The radiosensibility of blood cells was evaluated in accordance with their maturity (committed, committed-and-maturing and maturing pools). The population of erythropoietic tissue cells can be divided into two groups on the criterion of their radiosensibility.

[The problem of the radiosensitivity of bone marrow cellular elements and assessments of the postradiation kinetics of myelopoiesis (an analysis based on data on the sequelae of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

On the basis of the data obtained from 61 cases of accidental exposure (0.1-12.5 Gy) at the Chernobyl A.

[Patterns in the compensatory reaction of the precursor cell system of the bone marrow fibroblasts to ionizing radiation].

Compensatory unspecific processes taking place in irradiated bone marrow stroma are caused by qualitative and quantitative reactions of the stromal cell populations to the damaging effect. The authors studied the regularities of the compensatory quantitative reaction of the stroma--the system of fibroblast colony forming units (CFUf) of guinea-pig bone marrow--to exposure to ionizing radiation. They confirmed the existence of a "reserve" of the bone marrow CFUf system whose cell elements acquire adhesive and mitotic activity in the immediate periods (60-90 minutes) after irradiation.

[The level of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood as a criterion of the degree of severity of acute radiation sickness (based on materials from the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station)].

A study was made of the peripheral blood lymphocyte level as a function of gamma-radiation dose after single gamma-radiation attack resulted from Chernobyl disaster. After the initial drop an average level of lymphocytes was stabilized by day 2 after exposure and no further systematic decrease in the number of lymphocytes occurred. The accuracy of prognostication of the severity of acute radiation sickness, determined by the average lymphocyte level on days 3-6 amounted to as low as 50%.

[An analysis of the patterns in the development of the initial period of the acute radiation bone marrow syndrome in man].

Using a principally new approach, that is a mathematical analysis of the postirradiation neutrophilic curve, the authors have confirmed their previous assumption that the number of divisions that a granulocytic cell performs during the entire period of its maturation both in normal conditions and during the development of acute radiation sickness is virtually the same. D0 of early committed [correction of commitable] precursors of the granulocytic department is 1.6-1.

[An analysis of the cell composition of the reserve population in the colony-forming unit system of bone marrow fibroblasts under the action of ionizing radiation].

The system of stromal cell precursors--colony-forming units of fibroblasts (CFUf) of the bone marrow possesses a significant reserve population which is mobilized in exposure to extreme effects, after irradiation in the given case. This compensatory-adaptational reaction is evidently one of the factors of optimization of postradiation hematopoiesis restoration. Analysis of the cell composition of the CFUf reserve population showed that it does not differ basically from the population tested under normal conditions.

[Principles of the maximum development of the reserve potentialities of the bone marrow CFUf system following exposure to ionizing radiation].

In this work, the regularities in the occurrence of a highly pronounced postirradiation increase in CFUf of bone marrow (CFUf "peak") were investigated and quantitative approaches permitting to predict absolute CFUf "peak" values at various radiation doses developed.

[Evaluation of the level and radiosensitivity of the hematopoietic stem cell pool in man by the number of endocolonies of undifferentiated cells forming against a background of post-radiation bone marrow aplasia].

The value and radiosensitivity of human haemopoietic stem pool may be assessed by the number of colonies of nondifferentiated cells (CFUnc) formed in situ during regeneration of the haemopoietic organ from the postirradiation aplasia. The time required for doubling the population, that constitutes nondifferentiated cell endocolonies, was reduced as the radiation dose increased.

[Acute radiation effects in victims of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power station].

Observation made over 115 patients with acute radiation sickness due to exposure to external gamma- and beta-rays confirmed high efficiency of the earlier proposed principles of prognostication of the degree of severity by clinical manifestations of the primary disease response and those of separate syndromes, using the methods of hematological and cytogenetic analyses. Out of 115 victims, 56 persons had radiation burns (RB), 17--intestinal syndrome (IS), 80--oropharyngeal syndrome (ORS), 7--interstitial radiation pneumonitis (IRP). In thanatogenesis, of prime importance were: RB (more than 40% of the body surface)--19 persons and IRP--7 persons.