How good are large language models at product risk assessment?

Product safety professionals must assess the risks to consumers associated with the foreseeable uses and misuses of products. In this study, we investigate the utility of generative artificial intelligence (AI), specifically large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, across a number of tasks involved in the product risk assessment process. For a set of six consumer products, prompts were developed related to failure mode identification, the construction and population of a failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) table, risk mitigation identification, and guidance to product designers, users, and regulators.

Defective Assistive Device Involvement in Older Adult Emergency Department Visits.

Background And Objectives: Many older adults adopt equipment to address physical limitations and reduce dependence on others to complete basic activities of daily living. Although a few prior studies have considered injuries associated with assistive devices for older adults, those studies focused on older adults' health and functional risks for injury. There is limited analysis of older adult injuries involving defective or malfunctioning assistive devices.

A semiautomated risk assessment method for consumer products.

In this study, we develop a model that assesses product risk using online reviews from Amazon.com. We first identify unique words and phrases capable of identifying hazards.

Safety Concerns in Mobility-Assistive Products for Older Adults: Content Analysis of Online Reviews.

Background: Older adults who have difficulty moving around are commonly advised to adopt mobility-assistive devices to prevent injuries. However, limited evidence exists on the safety of these devices. Existing data sources such as the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System tend to focus on injury description rather than the underlying context, thus providing little to no actionable information regarding the safety of these devices.

Injury prevention for older adults: A dataset of safety concern narratives from online reviews of mobility-related products.

Older adults are among the fastest-growing demographic groups in the United States, increasing by over a third this past decade. Consequently, the older adult consumer product market has quickly become a multi-billion-dollar industry in which millions of products are sold every year. However, the rapidly growing market raises the potential for an increasing number of product safety concerns and consumer product-related injuries among older adults.

Text Mining Approaches for Postmarket Food Safety Surveillance Using Online Media.

Food contamination and food poisoning pose enormous risks to consumers across the world. As discussions of consumer experiences have spread through online media, we propose the use of text mining to rapidly screen online media for mentions of food safety hazards. We compile a large data set of labeled consumer posts spanning two major websites.

An investigation into online videos as a source of safety hazard reports.

Introduction: Despite the advantages of video-based product reviews relative to text-based reviews in detecting possible safety hazard issues, video-based product reviews have received no attention in prior literature. This study focuses on online video-based product reviews as possible sources to detect safety hazards.

Methods: We use two common text mining methods - sentiment and smoke words - to detect safety issues mentioned in videos on the world's most popular video sharing platform, YouTube.

Pelvic Breadth and Locomotor Kinematics in Human Evolution.

A broad pelvis is characteristic of most, if not all, pre-modern hominins. In at least some early australopithecines, most notably the female Australopithecus afarensis specimen known as "Lucy," it is very broad and coupled with very short lower limbs. In 1991, Rak suggested that Lucy's pelvic anatomy improved locomotor efficiency by increasing stride length through rotation of the wide pelvis in the axial plane.

Automated discovery of safety and efficacy concerns for joint & muscle pain relief treatments from online reviews.

Objectives: Product issues can cost companies millions in lawsuits and have devastating effects on a firm's sales, image and goodwill, especially in the era of social media. The ability for a system to detect the presence of safety and efficacy (S&E) concerns early on could not only protect consumers from injuries due to safety hazards, but could also mitigate financial damage to the manufacturer. Prior studies in the field of automated defect discovery have found industry-specific techniques appropriate to the automotive, consumer electronics, home appliance, and toy industries, but have not investigated pain relief medicines and medical devices.

TOY SAFETY SURVEILLANCE FROM ONLINE REVIEWS.

Toy-related injuries account for a significant number of childhood injuries and the prevention of these injuries remains a goal for regulatory agencies and manufacturers. Text-mining is an increasingly prevalent method for uncovering the significance of words using big data. This research sets out to determine the effectiveness of text-mining in uncovering potentially dangerous children's toys.

Oblique bile duct predisposes to the recurrence of bile duct stones.

Background And Study Aims: Bile stones represent a highly prevalent condition and abnormalities of the biliary tree predispose to stone recurrence due to development of biliary stasis. In our study, we assessed the importance of an altered bile duct course for stone formation.

Patients And Methods: 1,307 patients with choledocholithiasis in the absence of any associated hepatobiliary disease who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) between 2002 and 2009 were analysed.

Aberrant and nonrandom methylation of chromosomal DNA-binding proteins of colonic epithelial cells by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine.

The alkylating carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induces colonic tumors with high incidence. The sites of in vivo modification of target macromolecules were studied using [methyl-3H]DMH. Carcinogen binding to subcellular fractions of colonic epithelial cells was analyzed at time intervals ranging from 10 min to 36 hr, with particular emphasis on the alkylation of nuclear constituents.

Manifold effects of sodium butyrate on nuclear function. Selective and reversible inhibition of phosphorylation of histones H1 and H2A and impaired methylation of lysine and arginine residues in nuclear protein fractions.

In addition to its known effect in suppressing the deacetylation of the nucleosomal core histones, sodium butyrate in the concentration range 0.5 to 15 mM causes a selective inhibition of [32P]phosphate incorporation into histones H1 and H2A of cultured HeLa S3 cells. No commensurate general inhibition of phosphorylation is seen in the non-histone nuclear proteins of butyrate-treated cells, but phosphorylation patterns are altered and 32P-uptake may be stimulated, as well as inhibited, depending upon the protein fraction analyzed.