[Five hundred orbital plastic repairs: analysis of complications].

The paper analyzes complications due to 500 orbital plastic repairs for traumatic deformities. Biomaterials (cadaveric cartilage/bone, allograft for orbital wall plastic repair, or xenopericardium) were applied in all cases. The lost orbital volume was also compensated for by Carbotextim-M.

[Principles of treatment of traumatic orbit deformations during the late period (a 40-year experience)].

The treatment results of 1000 patients with traumatic orbit deformations covering a 40-year experience gathered by personnel of the chair for eye diseases of Sechenov's Moscow Medical Academy are presented. The authors define the key clinical symptoms of orbit trauma during the late period, i.e.

[The prevention and treatment of recurrences after dacryorhinostomies].

A total of 1206 dacryorhinostomies carried out from January, 1991 to December, 1997 at Institute of Ocular Diseases of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences are analyzed. The main causes of relapses were underevaluation of the data of examinations and improper choice of operative access and method of surgery, errors in the technique of operation, and wrong postoperative treatment. For improving the efficacy of surgery, the authors developed a comprehensive method for preventing and treating relapses.

[Topographic anatomy of the Lockwood ligament].

The study was performed using four cadavers of adult persons with the method of preparation. The access to the ligament was obtained by the removal of the inferior orbital wall and inferior orbital adiposal layer. Topographical anatomy of Lockwood ligament, its interrelations with inferior rectus and oblique muscles and attachment to lateral and medial orbital walls were studied.

[Plastic surgery of the inner angle of the palpebral fissure].

The new method for treating posttraumatic deformations of the internal angle, in contrast to its analogs, helps attain the maximal anatomical correlation between the transposed tissues, is atraumatic, involves a lesser incidence of postoperative complications, and permits fixation of the internal adhesion of the lids with a device including a fixing element and an elastic clip. The fixing element is a metal plate repeating the contours of the internal angle with sharp hook-like holders supplied with compression regulators. The clip is a supporting element (on the contralateral side of the slope of the nose) oriented in the contralateral direction.

[Reconstruction of the lower orbital wall in the remote posttraumatic period].

The authors share their experience gained in the treatment of 11 patients with different fractures of the lower orbital wall in remote periods after the injury (1 month to 4 years). A specific feature of late injury in all the patients we observed were disorders of binocular vision presenting as diplopia due to cicatricial changes in the orbit. X-Ray examinations showed deep fractures of the lower orbital wall involving the posterior half of the orbital space in all cases.

[The possibilities for surgical correction in the combined treatment of patients with cicatricial deformities of the eyelids].

A total of 217 patients with posttraumatic cicatricial deformations of the eyelids were treated. The authors resort to a functional approach when assessing posttraumatic injuries of the eyelids and propose their own anatomic and functional classification of cicatricial deformations of the eyelids, based on the principle of anatomic and functional entity of the eye and its defense system. This classification specifies the basic functions of the eyelids as components of the defense mechanism of the eye, offers criteria for assessing the cicatrices proper, and presents the basic characteristics of combined cicatricial deformations of the eyelids and complications thereof.

[Carcass tarsomargoplasty in involutional (senile) entropion of the lower eyelid].

The authors analyze the literature and their own data on the structure of the lower lid in health and involution and present their version of the development of the lower lid entropion and a method for surgical correction of this abnormality, carcass tarsomargoplasty, developed by them. The gist of this surgical intervention is fortification of the lower eyelid carcass structure by implantation into the depth of the eyelid of dosed shaped plates, molding of the lower eyelid shape, and fixation of the pretarsal portion of the skin (in the lower segment of the eyelid to the tarsal plate). Eleven patients were operated on; functional and cosmetic results were good, as evidenced by a follow-up of 11 months.