Understanding the differential effect of local socio-economic conditions on the relation between prescription opioid supply and drug overdose deaths in US counties.

Background And Aims: Both local socio-economic conditions and prescription opioid supply are associated with drug overdose deaths, which exhibit substantial geographical heterogeneity across the United States. We measured whether the associations of prescription opioid supply with drug overdose deaths vary by local socio-economic conditions.

Design: Ecological county-level study, including 3109 US counties between 2006 and 2019 (n = 43 526 county-years) using annual mortality data.

Dengue virus inhibits alpha interferon signaling by reducing STAT2 expression.

Alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) is a key mediator of innate antiviral responses but has little effect on the established replication of dengue viruses, which are mosquito-borne flaviviruses of immense global health importance. Understanding how the IFN system is inhibited in dengue virus-infected cells would provide critical insights into disease pathogenesis. In a recent study analyzing the ability of individual dengue virus-encoded proteins to antagonize the IFN response, nonstructural (NS) protein 4B and possibly NS2A and NS4A were identified as candidate IFN antagonists.

New Mexico's 1998 drive-up liquor window closure. Study I: effect on alcohol-involved crashes.

Aims: To determine the spatial relationship between drive-up liquor window locations and alcohol-related traffic crashes for 2 years before and after New Mexico banned drive-through alcohol sales.

Design: Current liquor licenses, crash data, roadway information and US Census data were used in this analysis. Cross-sectional and longitudinal regression analyses were applied to the entire state, and to Albuquerque only.

The development of the placental lobular pattern in the human. Review and reinterpretation of the material.

The human placental lobule is a dense mass of mostly terminal villi, with a nearly villus-free center. The villi arise from whatever stem is nearby, and branches of these stems anchor near uteroplacental arteries at the base of the loose interlobular areas. There is no one-to-one relation of lobules either to the principal villous stems, or to maternal arteries.

The villous stems of the human placenta.

Dissection and graphic reconstruction of villous stems of human placentas has shown that the allegedly typical pattern, namely, one single villous stem and one maternal arterial ostium supplying each lobule, is not the usual state. More often, portions of one villous stem supply several lobules, and several stems take part in the formation of one lobule. This, together with the previously demonstrated location of arterial ostia at the interlobular areas, leads to the concept that arterial ostia, usually in close association with large anchoring villi, form a network at the base of the placenta which determines the distribution of the lobules.

Maternal blood supply to the coneptus.

This presentation gives an unorthodox account of the relationship of uteroplacental vessels to the structural units of the placenta, the lobules, and its development. Contrary to current opinion, neither the villous stems nor the ostia of maternal arteries have a one-to-one relation to placental lobules. Both are interlobular, and thus supply portions of adjacent lobules.