Molecular Detection and Serological Evidence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Serbia.

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a zoonotic flaviviral infection that is a growing public health concern in European countries. The aims of this research were to detect and characterize tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in Ixodes ricinus ticks at presumed natural foci in Serbia, and to determine seroprevalence of TBEV IgG antibodies in humans and animals. A total of 500 I.

Clinical case series of nine patients with tuberculousmeningitis in the Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, AP Vojvodina, Serbia 2001-2010.

Aim: To determine immediate risk factors of developing tuberculous meningitis, to assess the practical importance of clinical signs and findings in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) when opting for the specific therapy, and to predict the outcome of disease in relation to the beginning of treatment.

Methods: A retrospective clinical case series of nine patients with tuberculous meningitis who were treated from April 2001 until November 2010 at the Department of Infectious Diseases in Novi Sad, Serbia was presented. Data of patients' medical records and presentation of clinical and laboratory features, neuroradiologicalfindings and outcome were used.

Clinical features, treatments and outcomes of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 among the hospitalized patients in the clinic for infectious diseases in Novi Sad.

Background/aim: Most infections caused by influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus are presented by mild respiratory symptoms. However, some patients required admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). In this article we aimed to describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of the patients with influenza A (H1N1) 2009, antiviral therapy use, the disease outcome and risk factors associated with the severe disease.

[Application of antibiotics in vulnerable groups].

Introduction: Antibiotics are substances that possess bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect. Their administration is widespread in the treatment as well as in the prevention of many infections in general population, and especially in vulnerable groups.

The Elderly And Antibiotics: Respiratory and urinary infections are the most common infections in the elderly.

[Antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial infections of the central nervous system].

Introduction: The aim of antimicrobial treatment of infections in the central nervous system (CNS) is to eradicate the bacterial cause. The choice of antibiotics should take into account its activity, pharmacokinetic properties, results of clinical trials, side effects and total treatment cost. Despite the fact that pharmacokinetics affects the ability of antibiotics to penetrate the blood brain barrier (BBB) significantly, the most important factor is that meningeal inflammation increases the permeability barrier.

[Novelties in antimicrobial therapy].

Microorganisms are the oldest forms of life on the planet--they are around 3.5 billion years old. They are characterised by the fast changing generations and by genetic flexibility.

Leptospirosis distribution related to freshwater habitats in the Vojvodina region (Republic of Serbia).

The retrospective study (2002-2007) for human leptospirosis in Vojvodina was undertaken in order to describe the distribution of the disease in relation with some environmental factors. Regarding the presented results, the major detected number of leptospirosis cases concurs with stagnant waters, wetlands, fish pond areas and protected regions, which comprised the basis for mapping of the region in three risk zones: very high risk (incidence rate higher than 5.0), high risk (2.

[Immunomodulatory actions of antibiotics].

Introduction: Antimicrob drugs and immune system interaction has been studied since the pioneer works of Metchnikoff. After the introduction of antibiotics in clinical practice this area has attracted little attention of investigators, because of the lack of standards. This is the reason that the studying of the influence of antibiotics on immune system is still at its beginning.

[Various clinical manifestations of brucellosis infection].

Introduction: Brucellosis is an acute, subacute or chronical disease, from the zoonosis group, caused by various types of bacteria belonging to genus Brucellae. It is transmitted to humans from domestic animals: goats, sheep, cattle, pigs and dogs. The course of the disease may either be asymptomatic, or produce a variety of clinical manifestations, ranging from light ones to extremely severe clinical forms.

[On the development of the infectology service in Novi Sad].

Introduction: Infectious diseases are a part of the history of this region. Devastating epidemics of plague, smallpox, and cholera were frequent during the 18th and the 19th centuries. Other infectious diseases were a serious problem as well: alimentary tract infections, scarlet fever, diphtheria, whooping cough.

[Zoonoses--a current issue in contemporary infectology].

Introduction: Animal infectious diseases which can be transmitted to humans are as old as the civilization itself. It is thought that 75% of all human infectious diseases are of zoonotic origin. Zoonoses are of significant public health importance, with major social and economic impact.

[Aging and infection].

Epidemiology: Aging is a natural process and a part of our lives, but nowadays there is an increase in the number of persons aged 65 and over. Today infectious diseases are still responsible for one-third of all deaths in the world. The elderly population is most vulnerable to serious infections and at greatest risk for death and complications.

[Neurocysticercosis--5 years' experience at the Clinic for Infectious Diseases].

Introduction: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common parasitic disease with wide distribution which is caused by larval forms of Taenia Solium. Our aim was to: show the most common clinical manifestations of patients with NCC and their importance in diagnosing this disease; examine the value of serologic diagnostic methods in blood and cerebrospinal fluid; to emphasize the value of radiological diagnostic methods--CT and MRI of the brain, in relation to the applied protocol of therapy, as well as the impact of anti-parasitic therapy on the outcome of this disease.

Material, Methods And Results: 13 patients with NCC (from 35 to 63 years of age, median age 49; 61.

[Lyme disease--new findings on its physiopathology, diagnosis, therapy and prevention].

Introduction: Lyme disease is a tick-borne disease caused by a spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, which manifests as a multisystem disease of the skin, nervous system, heart and joints. Recently it is the most common vector-borne disease in Yugoslavia.

New Epidemiological Studies: New epidemiological studies revealed that ticks can occasionally be infected not only by Borrelia burgdorferi, but also by some other microbes that can cause diseases in humans.

[Anthrax--the past, present and future].

History: Anthrax has been known since ancient times. Besides some references in the Old Testament, there is evidence of plagues in ancient Egypt, as well as descriptions of the disease by the Roman poet Virgil.

Etiology: Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis, unmovable, aerobic, gram-positive rods.