The Impact of Lighting Regimen and Feeding Program during Rearing on Hy-Line Brown Pullets at the End of Rearing and during Early Lay.

As hen body weight (BW) impacts egg weight (EW) and feed efficiency, egg producers prefer pullets of a specific size to enter the egg-laying cycle. Lighting and feeding programs were tested to achieve target Hy-Line Brown pullet BW. Three feeding programs were implemented: ad libitum (ad lib); feeding to achieve breed standard weight for age (BSW); and feeding to achieve 88% BSW (managed).

Age of challenge is important in Enteritidis studies in pullets and hens: a systematic review.

challenge chicken models do not always achieve high colonization levels in controls.The age of hen is important in achieving good caecal colonization.Challenge around sexual maturity provides the best control colonization outcome.

Nurse judgements of hospitalized patients' safety concerns are affected by patient, nurse and event characteristics: A factorial survey experiment.

Aim: To test the influences of patient, safety event and nurse characteristics on nurse judgements of credibility, importance and intent to report patients' safety concerns.

Design: Factorial survey experiment.

Methods: A total of 240 nurses were recruited and completed an online survey including demographic information and responses to eight factorial vignettes consisting of unique combinations of eight patient and event factors.

Descriptive epidemiology of spotty liver disease in Australian cage-free brown egg layer chicken flocks with a scratch area.

Spotty Liver Disease (SLD), caused by Campylobacter hepaticus or C. bilis infection in adult female chickens continues to emerge as a major disease problem in cage-free production systems. Free range production has become the predominant system in Australian egg production and SLD is widespread in these farms.

Developing a selective culturing approach for Campylobacter hepaticus.

Campylobacter hepaticus, the causative agent of Spotty Liver Disease (SLD) is an important disease in cage-free egg producing chickens causing mortality and production drops. C. hepaticus is a slow growing Campylobacter easily overgrown by fecal bacteria.

Nurse Managers' Professional Quality of Life During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Health systems cannot effectively support nurse managers without understanding psychosocial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the professional quality of life of frontline nursing management during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey of 54 nurses in management positions at a large Midwest academic medical center during 2022 was conducted.

Identification of epidemiological risk factors for spotty liver disease in cage-free layer flocks in houses with fully slatted flooring in Australia.

Spotty liver disease (SLD) is recognized to be caused by infection with Campylobacter hepaticus in adult layer hens farmed in cage-free environments. SLD is an emerging disease as cage-free egg production increases in popularity in response to desires for improved welfare of poultry. Outbreaks of SLD are frequently experienced around peak egg production in flocks, commonly between 25 and 40 wk of age.

Work Engagement among Acute Care Nurses: A Qualitative Study.

Aims: To understand how Omani nurses conceptualize work engagement, explore factors influencing engagement, and identify strategies to improve work engagement.

Design: A qualitative study design.

Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted with twenty-one Omani nurses from four acute-care hospitals.

In vivo label-free optical signatures of chemotherapy response in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patient-derived xenografts.

Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease often detected at later stages, necessitating swift and effective chemotherapy treatment. However, chemoresistance is common and its mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, label-free multi-modal nonlinear optical microscopy was applied to study microstructural and functional features of pancreatic tumors in vivo to monitor inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity and treatment response.

Scratch area as an epidemiological risk factor for Spotty Liver Disease in cage-free layers in Australia.

Spotty Liver Disease (SLD) is a serious problem in laying hens farmed in cage-free systems. The causative organism, Campylobacter hepaticus, is regarded as having a fecal-oral method of transmission and hence may build up and spread readily in housing systems which allow ease of direct contact of hens with the flock's fecal material. The epidemiology of SLD has not been thoroughly investigated.

Effect of restricted feeding on hen performance, egg quality and organ characteristics of individual laying hens.

This study was to assess the impact of permanent or temporary restricted feeding on laying hen production traits, physiology, and egg quality. Two hundred and forty individually housed ISA Brown hens were monitored across 2 phases, assigned to 3 treatments: ad libitum feeding (ALF), temporary restricted feeding (TRF) and permanent restricted feeding (PRF),  = 80 hens per treatment. In Phase 1 (P1), 22 to 40 weeks, the TRF and PRF hens were offered 115 g of feed daily.

Increasing a patient's sense of security in the hospital: A theory of trust and nursing action.

Having a decreased sense of security leads to unnecessary suffering and distress for patients. Establishing trust is critical for nurses to promote a patient's sense of security, consistent with trauma-informed care. Research regarding nursing action, trust, and sense of security is wide-ranging but fragmented.

Detection, characterization, and persistence of Campylobacter hepaticus, the cause of spotty liver disease in layer hens.

A Campylobacter species was first described as the etiological agent of Spotty Liver Disease (SLD) in 2015 and subsequently named as Campylobacter hepaticus in 2016. The bacterium predominantly affects barn and/or free-range hens at peak lay, is fastidious and difficult to isolate, which has impeded elucidation of its sources, means of persistence and transmission. Ten farms from South-Eastern Australia, of which 7 were free range entities participated in the study.

Oral Inoculation of Point-of-Lay Hens with the New South Wales Outbreak Strain of Enteritidis Phage Type 12 Causes Infection, but Minimal Histopathology.

An outbreak of food poisoning in New South Wales (NSW) Australia in 2018, caused by serovar Enteritidis phage type 12 (PT12), was traced to eggs consumed from a NSW layer flock. This was the first report of Enteritidis infection in NSW layer flocks, despite ongoing environmental monitoring. Clinical signs and mortalities were minimal in most flocks, although seroconversion and infection were demonstrated in some flocks.

Association of feed efficiency with organ characteristics and fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens.

Poor feed efficiency (FE) in hens impacts body weight (BW) and may reflect suboptimal health. Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome (FLHS) is mostly observed in laying hens and affects egg production and hen performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships of FE and BW with organ characteristics, liver composition and incidence of FLHS of 150 individually housed ISA Brown hens ranked on the basis of feed conversion ratio (FCR) attained from early lay.

The role of hen body weight and diet nutrient density in an extended laying cycle.

The egg production (EP), egg quality and health of heavier or lighter hens fed a diet of either higher nutrient density (HND) or lower nutrient density (LND) during early lay, was assessed at very late lay. Based on their body weight (BW) at 18 wk of age (WOA) ISA Brown pullets were allocated as either heavier weight (HW; average 1.65 kg) or lighter weight (LW: average 1.

Patient Voices in Hospital Safety during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Hospitalized patients and their families may be reluctant to express safety concerns. We aimed to describe safety and quality concerns experienced by hospitalized patients and families and factors and outcomes surrounding decisions about voicing concerns, including those related to the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 discharged inpatients or family members in a qualitative descriptive design.

Field Application of qPCR Monitoring of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus in Settled Chicken House Dust and Its Role in Control of a Major Outbreak.

Population-level sampling based on qPCR detection of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) in poultry dust can be used to assess ILT vaccination outcomes following mass administration in drinking water. We report on the field application of this approach to assess the success of vaccine administration and its use in ILT outbreak control in meat chickens. In Study 1, dust samples were collected from 26 meat chicken flocks at 0, 4, 7, 14, and 21 days post drinking water vaccination (DPV) given between 7 to 13 days of age with the Serva or A20 live attenuated ILT vaccines.

Seroprevalence of major respiratory diseases of chickens in central Ethiopia in different chicken production systems.

In Ethiopia, most chicken disease outbreaks and mortalities are attributed to a respiratory syndrome known as "fengil" with variable clinical signs and undefined etiology. The main goal of this study was to determine whether key respiratory pathogens that could contribute to the fengil syndrome circulate in Ethiopia. Specifically, we aimed to determine the seroprevalence of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mg), and avian metapneumovirus (aMPV).

The influence of hen size and diet nutrient density in early lay on hen performance, egg quality, and hen health in late lay.

The effect of hen size and diet nutrient density during early lay on egg production (EP) at 24 and 69 wk of age (WOA) and late lay egg quality and hen health was evaluated. Based on bodyweight (BW) at 18 WOA ISA Brown hens were assigned as heavier (HW; n = 120) or lighter weight (LW; n =120). Sixty birds from each BW group were fed an early-lay diet of higher nutrient density (HND), or lower nutrient density (LND) between 18 and 24 WOA.

A polar bear paleogenome reveals extensive ancient gene flow from polar bears into brown bears.

Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and brown bears (Ursus arctos) are sister species possessing distinct physiological and behavioural adaptations that evolved over the last 500,000 years. However, comparative and population genomics analyses have revealed that several extant and extinct brown bear populations have relatively recent polar bear ancestry, probably as the result of geographically localized instances of gene flow from polar bears into brown bears. Here, we generate and analyse an approximate 20X paleogenome from an approximately 100,000-year-old polar bear that reveals a massive prehistoric admixture event, which is evident in the genomes of all living brown bears.

An evaluation of bird weight and diet nutrient density during early lay on ISA Brown performance, egg quality, bone characteristics, and liver health at 50 weeks of age.

This study compared the impact of a higher nutrient density (HND) or lower nutrient density (LND) diet fed during early lay to either heavier weight (HW) or lighter weight (LW) ISA Brown hens. At 18 wk of age (WOA) pullets (n = 240) were evenly assigned to either HW (n = 120) or LW (n = 120). Sixty birds from each weight group were then randomized to either the HND or LND diet treatments which were fed from 18 to 24 WOA inclusive.

The use of 'trend' statements in veterinary oncology literature.

Statements such as 'trend towards' and 'tended to' in regards to 'statistical significance' are ambiguous and reflect the continued focus on proximity of p-values to .05. By themselves, p-values do not provide a measure of effect size or other information needed to judge clinical importance.