The Impact of Lesion-Specific and Sampling-Related Factors on Success of Salivary Gland Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology.

Purpose: Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a widely used diagnostic procedure which facilitates the differentiation of salivary gland lesions. Although the performance of salivary gland FNAC (SG-FNAC) has improved since the introduction of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC), the range of the reported performance is still wide. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine lesion- and sampling-related factors that influence the success of SG-FNAC.

Cochlear measurement in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging data sets by the Otoplan measurement tool: a retrospective comparative study.

Background: Using Otoplan software, it is possible to measure the cochlea before cochlear implant surgery. Until now, computed tomography (CT) of the cochlea has been necessary for this purpose. The aim of this study was to find out whether measuring the cochlea with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using Otoplan is possible with the same accuracy.

Early intervention with azelastine nasal spray may reduce viral load in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.

With the changing epidemiology of COVID-19 and its impact on our daily lives, there is still an unmet need of COVID-19 therapies treating early infections to prevent progression. The current study was a randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ninety SARS-CoV-2 positive patients were randomized into 3 groups receiving placebo, 0.

Analysis of the Quality of Parotidectomy Videos on YouTube Using the IVORY-Grading-System.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality and the educational content of YouTube videos showing parotidectomy.

Methods: We searched for videos displaying parotidectomy on YouTube. To rate parotidectomy videos, we introduced the "Instructional Videos in Otorhinolaryngology by YO-IFOS (IVORY)-grading-system (GS)" derived from the IVORY Guidelines, which pose established consensus recommendations for the production of educational surgical videos in otolaryngology.

Harmonized procedure coding system for surgical procedures and analysis of surgical site infections (SSI) of five European countries.

Background: The use of routine data will be essential in future healthcare research. Therefore, harmonizing procedure codes is a first step to facilitate this approach as international research endeavour. An example for the use of routine data on a large scope is the investigation of surgical site infections (SSI).

Reanimation of the Smile with Neuro-Vascular Anastomosed Gracilis Muscle: A Case Series.

Background: The aim of our manuscript was to evaluate the time course of clinical and electromyographical (EMG) reinnervation after the reanimation of the smile using a gracilis muscle transplant which is reinnervated with the masseteric nerve.

Methods: We present a case series of five patients with a longstanding peripheral facial palsy, who underwent a reanimation of the lower face using a gracilis muscle transplant with masseteric nerve reinnervation from June 2019 to October 2020. Trial-specific follow-up examinations were carried out every three months using clinical assessment and EMG, up to 12 months after the surgery.

[Diagnostics and treatment of secondary malignancies of the parotid gland-An overview].

Background: Secondary malignancies of the parotid gland frequently have a cutaneous origin and the incidence in central Europe is increasing.

Objective: The aim of this review article was to present the epidemiology, (differential) diagnostics and treatment of secondary malignancies of the parotid gland.

Material And Methods: A literature search of the current guidelines and evidence was carried out in the web-based databank PubMed.

[Treatment of Sialorrhea with Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A - Consensus Practice Recommendations for Children and Adults].

Sialorrhea, uncontrolled, excessive drooling, accompanies different, mostly neurological disorders from childhood to adulthood. With incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin, IncoBoNT/A, Merz Pharmaceuticals GmbH), an approved medication for the treatment of sialorrhea has been available since 2019. Patient selection, possible therapy goals, treatment and the management of specific treatment situations build the focus of this interdisciplinary expert consensus recommendations with the intent to facilitate access to treatment and to contribute to qualified botulinum toxin therapy.

Prospective study on the Eustachian tube function during Frenzel maneuver in a hypobaric/hyperbaric pressure chamber.

Introduction: The Frenzel maneuver describes a technique for middle ear equalizing which is frequently used by apnea divers. It offers advantages compared to the most commonly used techniques such as the Valsalva or Toynbee maneuver. Until now, there is insufficient literature about the pressure dynamics and Eustachian tube (ET) function during the Frenzel maneuver.

Postoperative Pain Treatment With Continuous Local Anesthetic Wound Infusion in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Up to 80% of patients with head and neck cancer undergoing ablative surgery and neck dissection develop postoperative pain with detrimental effects on quality of life that also contributes to neuropathic and chronic postoperative pain.

Objective: To investigate the association of continuous local anesthetic wound infusion with pain management after head and neck surgery.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective, longitudinal, nonrandomized clinical study carried out in a single tertiary referral center (December 1, 2015, to July 1, 2017) included 2 groups of 30 patients.

Long-term therapy with botulinum toxin in facial synkinesis: Retrospective data analysis of data from 1998 to 2018.

Objectives: Treatment with botulinum toxin A (BoNT) is the therapy of choice for many patients with facial synkinesis. Repeated injections relieve hypertonicity and hyperkinesis of reinnervated mimic muscles. Aim of the study was to prove if the injection regime and dosage of BoNT change during long-time therapy.

Facial nerve paralysis caused by a T-cell lymphoma.

Facial nerve paralysis due to the infiltration by a lymphoma is rare and the prognosis remains poor. If perineural spread and meningeosis are suspected, quick interdisciplinary diagnostic work-up is recommended. It should include magnetic resonance imaging, biopsy of the lesion, bone marrow biopsy, and lumbar puncture.

Effects of freediving on middle ear and eustachian tube function.

Introduction: During descent in freediving there is exposure to rapidly increasing pressure. Inability to quickly equalise middle ear pressure may cause trauma to the ear. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of pressure-related damage to the middle ear and the Eustachian tube during freediving and to identify possible risk factors.

[Planning and design of European prospective randomized trial on the value of drain in parotidectomy].

Introduction: There are no valid clinical studies on the value of wound drains in parotid surgery. The aim of the current trial is to analyze the influence of the closed wound drain (redon) on the incidence of postoperative complications such as bleeding, wound healing problems, infection, as well as salivary cyst and fistula after superficial or partial parotidectomy.

Methods: A European-wide multicenter prospective randomized study was planned.

[Mucoepidermoidcarcinoma - Importance in molecular pathology].

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common primary salivary gland malignancy and its tumor grading has an important prognostic significance. The 5 year overall survival rate is significantly higher for low grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas than for intermediate grade and high grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas. The translocation of t(11;19)(q21;p13) with the resulting CRTC1-MAML2 transfusion appears to be of prognostic relevance in patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

[Hypersalivation - Update of the S2k guideline (AWMF) in short form].

Hypersalivation describes a relatively excessive salivary flow, which wets the patient himself and his surroundings. It may result because of insufficient oro-motor function, dysphagia, decreased central control and coordination. This update presents recent changes and innovation in the treatment of hypersalivation.

Therapy of bilateral vocal fold paralysis: Real world data of an international multi-center registry.

Purpose: To collect data on diagnosis, treatment, patient's management, and quality of life in patient with bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP).

Methods: A retrospective, observational, multicenter registry study was performed. Medical records of 326 adults with permanent BVFP (median age: 61 years; 70% female, 60% after thyroid surgery) generated between 2010 and 2017.

Hypersalivation: update of the German S2k guideline (AWMF) in short form.

Hypersalivation describes a relatively excessive salivary flow, which wets the patient himself and his surroundings. It may result because of insufficient oro-motor function, dysphagia, decreased central control and coordination. This update presents recent changes and innovation in the treatment of hypersalivation.

Experimental Studies on Facial Nerve Regeneration.

Insufficient recovery after injury of a peripheral motor nerve is due to (1) inappropriate pathfinding as a result of axonal regrowth to inappropriate targets, (2) excessive collateral axonal branching at the lesion site, and (3) polyinnervation of the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). The rat facial nerve model is often used because of its simple and reliable readout to measure recovery of function (vibrissal whisking). Over the last decades scientists have concentrated their efforts to combat mostly NMJ polyinnervation, because it turned out to be very difficult to reduce collateral axonal branching and impossible to navigate thousands of axons toward the original fascicles.

Reconstruction of complex defects of the extracranial facial nerve: technique of "the trifurcation approach".

Purpose: Reconstruction of complex defects of facial nerve (FN) after extensive cancer surgery requires individualized solutions. We describe the trifurcation technique as a modification of the combined approach on example of two patients with locally advanced parotid cancer.

Methods: Due to perineural invasion, extensive resection of the FN from the mastoid segment to the peripheral branches was required.