PECAM-1/Thrombus Ratio Correlates with Blood Loss during Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (OPCAB) Surgery: A Preliminary Study.

Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) is considered an antiplatelet molecule. Previously, we introduced a new parameter called the PECAM-1/thrombus ratio, which indicates the proportion of PECAM-1 in the thrombus and provides a precise description of human platelet activity (in vitro). The aim of this study was to determine whether the PECAM-1/thrombus ratio could serve as a predictive factor for bleeding events during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB).

Sex-dependent effects of canagliflozin and dapagliflozin on hemostasis in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic mice.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are antihyperglycemic drugs that decrease mortality from cardiovascular diseases. However, their effects on hemostasis in the cardioprotective effects have not been evaluated. Therefore, the effects of canagliflozin (CANA, 100 mg/kg, p.

Aldosterone Increases Vascular Permeability in Rat Skin.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute aldosterone (ALDO) administration on the vascular permeability of skin. ALDO was injected intradermally into rats, and vascular permeability was measured. Eplerenone (EPL), a selective mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist, was used.

Antioxidant enzymes immobilized on gold and silver nanoparticles enhance DNA repairing systems of rat skin after exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

The aim of the study was to investigate in vivo whether the application of immobilized superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) could enhance DNA repairing systems and reduce level of CPD (cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers) and 6-4PP ((6-4) pyrimidine-pyrimidone photoproducts), and whether the immobilization on gold (AuNPs) and silver (AgNPs) nanoparticles affects the outcome. The study presents secondary analysis of our previous research. Three-day application of SOD and CAT in all forms of solution decreased the levels of CPD and 6-4PP boosted by UV irradiation.

Tannins as Hemostasis Modulators.

The hemostasis system is often affected by complications associated with cardiovascular diseases, which results in thromboembolic events. Compounds of plant origin and plant extracts are considered as a promising source of substances that could modulate the functioning of the hemostasis system and thus reduce the risk of thromboembolism. Among them, tannins, which are plant-origin compounds with potential effects in hemostasis, deserve a special mention.

Enhanced Thrombotic Responses Are Associated With Striatin Deficiency and Aldosterone.

Background In addition to its role on blood pressure, aldosterone (ALDO) also affects the hemostatic system leading to increased experimental thrombosis. Striatin is an intermediate in the rapid, nongenomic actions of ALDO. Striatin heterozygote knockout () mice have salt sensitivity of blood pressure and mildly chronically increased ALDO levels.

Utility of Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 in the Platelet Activity Assessment in Mouse and Human Blood.

In our previous study, we introduced the platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1)/thrombus ratio, which is a parameter indicating the proportion of PECAM-1 in laser-induced thrombi in mice. Because PECAM-1 is an antithrombotic molecule, the higher the PECAM-1/thrombus ratio, the less activated the platelets. In this study, we used an extracorporeal model of thrombosis (flow chamber model) to verify its usefulness in the assessment of the PECAM-1/thrombus ratio in animal and human studies.

Hyperglycemia Potentiates Prothrombotic Effect of Aldosterone in a Rat Arterial Thrombosis Model.

We investigated the role of aldosterone (ALDO) in the development of arterial thrombosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. To evaluate the effect of endogenous ALDO, the rats underwent adrenalectomy (ADX). ADX reduced the development of arterial thrombosis.

Cannabidiol Ameliorates Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats.

Cannabidiol (CBD) is known for its vasorelaxant (including in the human pulmonary artery), anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of our study was to examine the potential preventive effect of chronic CBD administration (10 mg/kg/day for three weeks) on monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) rats. PH was connected with elevation of right ventricular systolic pressure; right ventricle hypertrophy; lung edema; pulmonary artery remodeling; enhancement of the vasoconstrictor and decreasing vasodilatory responses; increases in plasma concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and leukocyte count; and a decrease in blood oxygen saturation.

The effect of immobilized antioxidant enzymes on the oxidative stress in UV-irradiated rat skin.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) immobilized on gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and silver nanoparticles (AgNP) nanoparticles were used to reduce UV radiation-induced oxidative stress in rat skin. The antioxidant influence of the enzymes was investigated on level of malondialdehyde, 8-hydroksy-2'deoksyguanozine, myeloperoxidase, total antioxidant capacity, SOD2 and CAT activity and expression, and glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activity. The application of immobilized SOD and CAT on UV-irradiated skin reduced malondialdehyde and 8-hydroksy-2'deoksyguanozine levels also SOD and CAT activity and expression increased.

New approaches for the assessment of platelet activation status in thrombus under flow condition using confocal microscopy.

The goal of the study was the assessment of heterogeneous platelet activation status in thrombus. In a ferric(III) chloride (FeCl) thrombosis (intravital) model of C57BL/6 J mice, the area of irreversibly activated (phosphatidylserine (PS)-positive) platelets was assessed after 1-s exposure of a vessel to FeCl. In a laser-induced thrombosis (intravital) model of GFP mice, the area of the thrombus composed of PS-negative platelets was evaluated.

Rapid effects of aldosterone on platelets, coagulation, and fibrinolysis lead to experimental thrombosis augmentation.

An increase in aldosterone levels positively correlates with an increased risk of acute cardiovascular thrombotic events. The aim of the study was to determine the mechanism of action of prothrombotic aldosterone focusing on the rapid effects of the hormone on platelets, coagulation, and fibrinolysis. A wide panel of advanced ex vivo and in vitro techniques was used for the evaluation of coagulation and fibrinolysis in aldosterone-treated rats.

Losartan metabolite EXP3174 reduces the weight of formed thrombus in 2K1C hypertensive rats.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of an active metabolite of losartan - EXP3174 - on a performed venous thrombus in hypertensive rat. The contribution of coagulation and fibrinolytic systems as well as platelets in the EXP3174 action was also determined. Male Wistar rats with renovascular hypertension (2K1C) were used in the study.

The expression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the skin and its effects on skin physiology and pathophysiology.

The local renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is fully expressed in the human skin at the mRNA and protein level. Local RAAS is known to play a regulatory function in epidermal proliferation, wound healing, scarring, cutaneous heating adaptation, and aging. There are also some indications of its role in the regulation of hair growth and sebum secretion.

Nitric oxide as a modulator in platelet- and endothelium-dependent antithrombotic effect of eplerenone in diabetic rats.

We have recently demonstrated the antithrombotic effect of eplerenone on the arterial thrombotic process in diabetic rats associated with suppression of coagulation and enhancement of fibrinolysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of platelets and endothelium in the mechanism of eplerenone antithrombotic action. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats with a single injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg).

The proteome analysis of rat platelet with nano-liquid chromatography-matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry technique.

Recently, the proteomic analysis has become an ideal tool to study the structure and function of platelets. We proposed a nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC) technique coupled off-line with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS) for rat platelet proteome analysis. In this study, we attempted to analyze the rat platelet proteome in two different subcellular fractions: cytosol and membrane.

Beneficial effect of combined spironolactone and quinapril treatment on thrombosis and hemostasis in 2K1C hypertensive rats.

A strong correlation between raised aldosterone levels and increased risk of thrombotic disorders has been provided. Clinical studies have demonstrated the benefits of the addition of the aldosterone receptor antagonist to the standard therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor in the reduction of cardiovascular events in patients. We suggest that the benefits of this dual renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade may be related to the drug's effects on the hemostatic and oxidative balance.

New Sides of Aldosterone Action in Cardiovascular System as Potential Targets for Therapeutic Intervention.

Aldosterone, the main mineralocorticoid hormone, plays a crucial role in the regulation of electrolyte homeostasis and blood pressure. Although this role is undoubtedly important, it is not a hormonal action that attracts the most attention. Aldosterone seems to be very important as a local messenger in the pathology of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Be concentration in the near-surface layer of the air in Bialystok (north-eastern Poland) in the years 1992-2010.

Weekly measurements of air Be concentrations (n = 769) were performed in the years 1992-2010 in Bialystok (north-eastern Poland) using gamma spectrometry. The arithmetic mean (AM) concentration of Be was 2.51 mBq m, and the median (M) was 2.

Antithrombotic Potential of Tormentil Extract in Animal Models.

species that have been investigated so far display pharmacological activity mainly due to the presence of polyphenols. Recently, it was shown that polyphenol-rich extract from rhizome of (tormentil extract) affects the metabolism of arachidonic acid and exerts both anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities, suggesting a possible effect on thrombosis. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of tormentil extract on haemostasis in a rat model of thrombosis.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors attenuate propofol-induced pro-oxidative and antifibrinolytic effect in human endothelial cells.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of plasma and tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is) against propofol-induced endothelial dysfunction and to elucidate the involved mechanisms in vitro.

Materials And Methods: We examined the effects of propofol (50 μM), quinaprilat and enalaprilat (10 M) on fibrinolysis (t-PA, PAI-1, TAFI antigen levels), oxidative stress parameters (HO and MDA antigen levels and SOD and NADPH oxidase mRNA levels) and nitric oxide bioavailability (NO/NO concentration and NOS expression at the level of mRNA) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).

Results: We found that both ACE-Is promoted similar endothelial fibrinolytic properties and decreased oxidative stress in vitro.

New agents modulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system-Will there be a new therapeutic option?

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is more complex than it was originally regarded. According to the current subject knowledge, there are two main axes of the RAAS: (1) angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-angiotensin II-AT receptor axis and (2) ACE2-angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas receptor axis. The activation of the first axis leads to deleterious effects, including vasoconstriction, endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, inflammation, and fibrosis; therefore, blocking the components of this axis is a highly rational and commonly used therapeutic procedure.

Quinapril decreases antifibrinolytic and prooxidative potential of propofol in arterial thrombosis in hypertensive rats.

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and propofol both exert hypotensive action and may affect hemostasis. We investigated the influence of quinapril and propofol on hemodynamics and hemostasis in renal-hypertensive rats with induced arterial thrombosis. Two-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats were treated with quinapril (3.