Can people with poststroke insomnia benefit from blended cognitive behavioral therapy? A single case experimental design.

Purpose: Sleep is essential for our overall health and wellbeing. Unfortunately, stroke often induces insomnia, which has been shown to impede rehabilitation and recovery of function. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the treatment of choice for insomnia in the general population and is efficacious both when delivered face-to-face or online.

A blended eHealth intervention for insomnia following acquired brain injury: a randomised controlled trial.

The high prevalence and severe consequences of poor sleep following acquired brain injury emphasises the need for an effective treatment. However, treatment studies are scarce. The present study evaluates the efficacy of blended online cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (eCBT-I) developed specifically for people with acquired brain injury.

A blended eHealth intervention for insomnia following acquired brain injury: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Up to a third of stroke patients and patients with traumatic brain injury suffer from insomnia, including problems to fall asleep or stay asleep at night. Insomnia may exacerbate other brain damage-related problems, for example regarding cognitive functioning and emotional well-being; may lead to poorer quality of life; and may complicate recovery processes. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, delivered face-to-face or online, is found to be effective in the general population.

Non-pharmacological treatment for insomnia following acquired brain injury: A systematic review.

Insomnia symptoms following acquired brain injury are serious and common, associated with cognitive and emotional complaints. This systematic review aims to summarize and appraise the current knowledge regarding the efficacy of non-pharmacological treatments for insomnia after traumatic brain injury and stroke in adults. A systematic search in the electronic databases of Medline, PsycINFO and Embase was conducted on January 15, 2019.

Are the effects of internal focus instructions different from external focus instructions given during balance training in stroke patients? A double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Objective:: This study aimed to assess if external focus instructions result in greater improvements in motor skill and automaticity compared to internal focus instructions in stroke patients.

Design:: Double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Setting:: Inpatient stroke rehabilitation unit.

Is Implicit Motor Learning Preserved after Stroke? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

Many stroke patients experience difficulty with performing dual-tasks. A promising intervention to target this issue is implicit motor learning, as it should enhance patients' automaticity of movement. Yet, although it is often thought that implicit motor learning is preserved post-stroke, evidence for this claim has not been systematically analysed yet.

Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Cognitive and Functional Outcome of Stroke Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Study Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in stroke patients is associated with worse functional and cognitive status during inpatient rehabilitation. We hypothesized that a four-week period of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment would improve cognitive and functional outcomes.

Methods: We performed a randomized controlled trial in stroke patients admitted to a neurorehabilitation unit.

The inclination for conscious motor control after stroke: validating the Movement-Specific Reinvestment Scale for use in inpatient stroke patients.

Purpose: Stroke survivors are inclined to consciously control their movements, a phenomenon termed "reinvestment". Preliminary evidence suggests reinvestment to impair patients' motor recovery. To investigate this hypothesis, an instrument is needed that can reliably assess reinvestment post-stroke.

Stay Focused! The Effects of Internal and External Focus of Attention on Movement Automaticity in Patients with Stroke.

Dual-task performance is often impaired after stroke. This may be resolved by enhancing patients' automaticity of movement. This study sets out to test the constrained action hypothesis, which holds that automaticity of movement is enhanced by triggering an external focus (on movement effects), rather than an internal focus (on movement execution).

The effect of computer-based cognitive flexibility training on recovery of executive function after stroke: rationale, design and methods of the TAPASS study.

Background: Stroke survivors frequently suffer from executive impairments even in the chronic phase after stroke, and there is a need for improved rehabilitation of these functions. One way of improving current rehabilitation treatment may be by online cognitive training. Based on a review of the effectiveness of computer-based cognitive training in healthy elderly, we concluded that cognitive flexibility may be a key element for an effective training, which results in improvements not merely on trained tasks but also in untrained tasks (i.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea is Related to Impaired Cognitive and Functional Status after Stroke.

Study Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder in stroke patients and is associated with prolonged hospitalization, decreased functional outcome, and recurrent stroke. Research on the effect of OSA on cognitive functioning following stroke is scarce. The primary objective of this study was to compare stroke patients with and without OSA on cognitive and functional status upon admission to inpatient rehabilitation.

The effect of obstructive sleep apnea and treatment with continuous positive airway pressure on stroke rehabilitation: rationale, design and methods of the TOROS study.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder in stroke patients. Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with stroke severity and poor functional outcome. Continuous positive airway pressure seems to improve functional recovery in stroke rehabilitation.

Can a prediction model combining self-reported symptoms, sociodemographic and clinical features serve as a reliable first screening method for sleep apnea syndrome in patients with stroke?

Objective: To determine whether a prediction model combining self-reported symptoms, sociodemographic and clinical parameters could serve as a reliable first screening method in a step-by-step diagnostic approach to sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) in stroke rehabilitation.

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: Rehabilitation center.

Training memory self-efficacy in the chronic stage after stroke: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Stroke patients with a low memory self-efficacy (MSE) report more memory complaints than patients with a high MSE.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a memory-training program on MSE in the chronic phase after stroke and to identify which patients benefit most from the MSE training program.

Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, the effectiveness of the MSE training program (experimental group) was compared with a peer support program (control group) in chronic stroke patients.

Upper eyelid ptosis surgery using a preparatory ocular prosthesis.

Purpose: When an ocular prosthesis is unable to correct upper eyelid ptosis, surgery is performed with the existing prosthesis, which may be difficult and unsatisfactory. We used an alternative approach, in which the prosthesis was modified as a preparation to surgery.

Methods: This retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series included 26 anophthalmic and 3 microphthalmic patients with unilateral, moderate to severe upper eyelid ptosis who underwent levator aponeurosis surgery via an anterior approach.

A long-lasting improvement of somatosensory function after prism adaptation, a case study.

Previous studies have observed a reduction of visual and representational neglect symptoms after visuo-manual adaptation to rightward displacing prisms. Recently, improvements have also been observed on somatosensory tasks, such as locating the centre of a haptically explored circle and tactile double simultaneous stimulation. In the current single case study we assessed whether prism adaptation with the ipsilesional hand improved two aspects of contralesional somatosensory function, pressure sensitivity and proprioception.

Prosthesis motility with and without intraorbital implants in the anophthalmic socket.

Ocular prosthesis motility was measured and compared in 15 patients with a primary baseball implant after enucleation of an eye, in 11 patients with a secondary baseball implant, in 12 patients with an Allen implant, and in 11 patients without any intraorbital implant. In all patients a noticeable lag of movement of the prosthetic eye was measured: in the extreme directions of gaze the excursions of the prosthesis were far less in comparison with the contralateral normal eye. For normal eye movement round the primary position of gaze, however, the prosthesis motility in the primary baseball and Allen implant group appeared to be sufficient to give a lifelike appearance.

Primary and secondary implants in the anophthalmic orbit. Preoperative and postoperative computed tomographic appearance.

Sagittal computed tomographic (CT) scans of 10 anophthalmic orbits with a primary implant, an acrylic ball covered with donor sclera, and 10 anophthalmic orbits before and after insertion of a secondary implant were studied. For each patient, the scans of the anophthalmic and contralateral normal orbit were compared. In the anophthalmic orbits, the anatomy was optimally restored in those with a primary implant, and suboptimal results were achieved in the orbits with a secondary implant.

Computed tomography in the assessment of the postenucleation socket syndrome.

To gain a deeper insight into the cause of the postenucleation socket syndrome, high-resolution computed tomography (CT) was performed in 22 anophthalmic patients before insertion of an intraorbital implant. The anatomy of the normal and the anophthalmic orbits was compared. Computed tomographic scans were made either in the sagittal and the coronal plane or in the sagittal and transverse plane.

Primary versus secondary intraorbital implants.

To compare the results of primary and secondary intraorbital implants after enucleation, we retrospectively studied the surgical outcomes of 114 patients. In 44 patients the implant was inserted immediately after enucleation and in the remaining 70 patients the implant was inserted at a later date. To achieve a satisfactory cosmetic result, additional procedures were needed in 11% of the patients with a primary implant and in 49% of those with a secondary implant.