Spatiotemporal dynamics characterise spectral connectivity profiles of continuous speaking and listening.

Speech production and perception are fundamental processes of human cognition that both rely on intricate processing mechanisms that are still poorly understood. Here, we study these processes by using magnetoencephalography (MEG) to comprehensively map connectivity of regional brain activity within the brain and to the speech envelope during continuous speaking and listening. Our results reveal not only a partly shared neural substrate for both processes but also a dissociation in space, delay, and frequency.

Group Formation and the Evolution of Human Social Organization.

Humans operate in groups that are oftentimes nested in multilayered collectives such as work units within departments and companies, neighborhoods within cities, and regions within nation states. With psychological science mostly focusing on proximate reasons for individuals to join existing groups and how existing groups function, we still poorly understand why groups form ex nihilo, how groups evolve into complex multilayered social structures, and what explains fission-fusion dynamics. Here we address group formation and the evolution of social organization at both the proximate and ultimate level of analysis.

Fine needle aspiration of bone lesions: A tertiary care centre experience.

Background: Bone fine needle aspiration (FNA) presents several diagnostic challenges including limited sample material, reduced ability to assess the architecture, and lack of a standardised reporting system. The aim of our study is to present our experience regarding bone FNA.

Methods: We performed a 6-year retrospective search of our archives to identify all FNA cases of bone lesions.

Radiotherapy-induced Pathology of the Ear.

Acute radiotherapy (RT)-induced external ear soft tissue changes start with erythema and dry desquamation and may progress to moist desquamation and epidermal ulceration. Chronic RT-induced changes include epithelial atrophy and subcutaneous fibrosis. Although RT-induced radiation dermatitis has been well studied, interventions for soft tissue disease involving the external auditory canal (EAC) warrant investigation.

Oxidative Stress Status and Its Relationship to Skin Aging.

Skin and cellular aging are impacted by various toxins in our environment such as air pollution, water contamination, an increased prevalence of light-emitting diodes, electromagnetic frequencies, various yeast and other fungi, parasitic infections, and mold and heavy metal toxicity. Basic topical skin care is insufficient to adequately protect an individual's integumentary system and other organs from these types of daily cellular stressors. These stressors impact the level of oxidative stressstatus (OSS).

Ultrasound Fusion: Applications in Musculoskeletal Imaging.

Ultrasound fusion is an established technique that pairs real time B-scan ultrasound (US) with other forms of cross-sectional imaging, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). Each of these imaging modalities has distinct advantages. CT provides superior anatomic resolution, with improved imaging of bone and calcified structures; MRI has superior contrast resolution; and PET provides physiologic information, identifying processes that are metabolically active (i.

Complex/cryptic Gene Fusions and 1q Jumping Translocation in Pediatric Ewing Sarcomas.

Ewing sarcomas (ES) are rare small round cell sarcomas often affecting children and characterized by gene fusions involving one member of the FET family of genes (usually and a member of the ETS family of transcription factors (usually or ). The detection of rearrangements has important diagnostic value. Here, we conducted a retrospective review of 218 consecutive pediatric ES at diagnosis and found eight patients having data from chromosome analysis, FISH/microarray, and gene-fusion assay.

An In Vitro Study of Local Oxygen Therapy as Adjunctive Antimicrobial Therapeutic Option for Patients with Periodontitis.

Periodontitis is a common global disease caused by bacterial dysbiosis leading to tissue destruction, and it is strongly associated with anaerobic bacterial colonization. Therapeutic strategies such as oxygen therapy have been developed to positively influence the dysbiotic microbiota, and the use of oxygen-releasing substances may offer an added benefit of avoiding systemic effects commonly associated with antibiotics taken orally or hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Therefore, the oxygen release of calcium peroxide (CaO) was measured using a dissolved oxygen meter, and CaO solutions were prepared by dissolving autoclaved CaO in sterile filtered and deionized water.

Pandora cacopsyllae Eilenberg, Keller & Humber (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae), a new species infecting pear psyllid Cacopsylla pyri L. (Hemiptera: Psyllidae).

The new species Pandora cacopsyllae Eilenberg, Keller & Humber (Entomophthorales) is described. The fungus was found on infected pear psyllids Cacopsylla pyri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in a pear orchard in Zealand, Denmark. Morphological structures (conidia, rhizoids, cystidia) were described on the designated type host C.

Shattered Kidney After Renal Trauma: Should It Be Classified As an American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Grade V Injury?

Objective: To study the prevalence and management of shattered kidney and to evaluate if the new description of "loss of identifiable renal anatomy" in the 2018 American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) organ injury scale (OIS) would improve the ability to predict bleeding control interventions.

Methods: We used high-grade renal trauma data from 21 Level-1 trauma centers from 2013 to 2018. Initial CT scans were reviewed to identify shattered kidneys, defined as a kidney having ≥3 parenchymal fragments displaced by blood or fluid on cross-sectional imaging.

Grade V renal trauma management: results from the multi-institutional genito-urinary trauma study.

Purpose: To investigate management trends for American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) grade V renal trauma with focus on non-operative management.

Methods: We used prospectively collected data as part of the Multi-institutional Genito-Urinary Trauma Study (MiGUTS). We included patients with grade V renal trauma according to the AAST Injury Scoring Scale 2018 update.

Structure elucidation and biological activities of perylenequinones from an Alternaria species.

The KEAP1-Nrf2/ARE pathway is a pivotal cytoprotective regulator against oxidative stress which plays an important role in the development of many inflammatory diseases and cancer. Activation of the Nrf2 transcription factor by oxidative stress or electrophiles regulates antioxidant response element (ARE)-dependent transcription of antioxidative, detoxifying, and anti-inflammatory proteins. Therefore, modulators of the KEAP1-Nrf2/ARE pathway have received considerable interest as therapeutics to protect against diseases where oxidative stress constitutes the underlying pathophysiology.

"PRRX1-rearranged mesenchymal tumors": expanding the immunohistochemical profile and molecular spectrum of a recently described entity with the proposed revision of nomenclature.

Since the publication of the 2020 World Health Organization classification of soft tissue and bone tumors, the classification of "fibroblastic" tumors has expanded to include a novel subset of tumors characterized by PRRX1::NCOA1/2 gene fusions. These tumors defy conventional classification and are morphologically distinct, characterized by a multi-nodular growth of bland spindle cells suspended in a myxo-collagenous stroma with mild cytologic atypia, "staghorn-like" vessels, and variable perivascular hyalinization. Mitotic activity is rare, and necrosis is not identified.

Lipoblastoma-Like Tumor and Fibrosarcoma-Like Lipomatous Neoplasm Represent the Same Entity: A Clinicopathologic and Molecular Genetic Study of 23 Cases Occurring in Both Men and Women at Diverse Locations.

Lipoblastoma-like tumor (LLT) is a benign soft tissue tumor demonstrating mixed morphologic features of lipoblastoma, myxoid liposarcoma, and spindle cell lipoma but lacking genetic alterations associated with those tumors. LLT was originally thought to be specific to the vulva but has since been reported in the paratesticular region. The morphologic features of LLT overlap with those of "fibrosarcoma-like lipomatous neoplasm" (FLLN), a rare, indolent adipocytic neoplasm considered by some to form part of the spectrum of atypical spindle cell and pleomorphic lipomatous tumor.

Efficacy of Tango Argentino for Cancer-Associated Fatigue and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Persistent impairments of quality of life-in particular, cancer-associated fatigue-are a major limitation for breast cancer survivors. As physical activity and mindfulness interventions have been shown to be effective in reducing fatigue symptoms, we investigated the efficacy of a six-week Argentine tango program.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 60 breast cancer survivors diagnosed with stage I-III tumors 12-48 months prior to study enrollment and who had increased symptoms of fatigue.

Effect of voluntary waiting period on metabolism of dairy cows during different phases of the lactation.

An extended calving interval (CInt) by extending the voluntary waiting period (VWP) could be associated with altered metabolism in dairy cows. The aim of this study was first to evaluate the effects of VWP on metabolism and body condition during the first 305 d after the first calving in the experiment (calving 1), around the end of the VWP, and during pregnancy (280 d before calving 2). Second, the effects of the VWP on metabolism were determined from 2 wk before until 6 wk after calving 2.

The temporal dynamics of dissociation: protocol for an ecological momentary assessment and laboratory study in a transdiagnostic sample.

Background: Dissociation is a ubiquitous clinical phenomenon. Dissociative disorders (DD) are primarily characterized by dissociation, and dissociative states are also a criterion for borderline personality disorder (BPD) and the dissociative subtype of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Dissociative reactions (e.

Dementia, Sex, and Consent: Beyond the Uncomplicated Cases.

This commentary responds to Samuel Director's article "Dementia and Concurrent Consent to Sexual Relations," in the May-June 2023 issue of the Hastings Center Report. In the article, Director sets out a set of conditions for sexual consent after one partner in a committed, long-term relationship develops dementia. While we share Director's view that dementia patients should not be categorically cut off from sexual intimacy, we caution against the use of his approach as a rigid test for allowing sexual activity.

Child maltreatment and alexithymia: A meta-analytic review.

Alexithymia refers to difficulties identifying and describing one's emotions. Growing evidence suggests that alexithymia is a key transdiagnostic risk factor. Despite its clinical importance, the etiology of alexithymia is largely unknown.