Hydrogen-independent CO reduction dominates methanogenesis in five temperate lakes that differ in trophic states.

Emissions of microbially produced methane (CH) from lake sediments are a major source of this potent greenhouse gas to the atmosphere. The rates of CH production and emission are believed to be influenced by electron acceptor distributions and organic carbon contents, which in turn are affected by anthropogenic inputs of nutrients leading to eutrophication. Here, we investigate how eutrophication influences the abundance and community structure of CH producing and methanogenesis pathways across time-resolved sedimentary records of five Swiss lakes with well-characterized trophic histories.

Re-attendance in supplemental breast MRI screening rounds of the DENSE trial for women with extremely dense breasts.

Objectives: Supplemental MRI screening improves early breast cancer detection and reduces interval cancers in women with extremely dense breasts in a cost-effective way. Recently, the European Society of Breast Imaging recommended offering MRI screening to women with extremely dense breasts, but the debate on whether to implement it in breast cancer screening programs is ongoing. Insight into the participant experience and willingness to re-attend is important for this discussion.

Elucidating the Temporal Patterns of Gene Expression in the Inferred Regulatory Interactions of in .

The ( ) gene in has a central role in photoperiodic regulation of flowering. However, the roles of genes in mediating flowering in soybeans ( ) remain uncertain. We previously inferred regulatory interactions of a soybean homolog, , using in-house RNA-seq data and the network inference algorithm package CausNet.

Clarifying the Temporal Dynamics of the Circadian Clock and Flowering Gene Network Using Overexpression and Targeted Mutagenesis of Soybean ( ).

With progressing climate fluctuations, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of crop plants that regulate their flowering responses to environments is crucial. To achieve this goal, we aimed at clarifying the gene regulatory networks among the circadian clock and flowering genes in soybean ( ). Based on our network inference approach we hypothesize that , one of the Evening Complex (EC) gene homologs in soybean's circadian clock, may have an integrative role in transcriptional regulation of the circadian clock and flowering gene network.

Ovalbumin-Induced Epithelial Activation Directs Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells to Instruct Type 2 Inflammation in T Cells Which Is Differentially Modulated by 2'-Fucosyllactose and 3-Fucosyllactose.

Allergic sensitization starts with epithelial cell activation driving dendritic cells (DCs) to instruct T helper 2 (Th2) cell polarization. Food allergens trigger intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) activation. Human milk oligosaccharides may temper the allergic phenotype by shaping mucosal immune responses.

Characteristics of Participants and Nonparticipants in a Blended Internet-Based Physical Activity Trial for Breast and Prostate Cancer Survivors: Cross-sectional Study.

Background: As the number of cancer survivors is increasing, it is important to be able to offer exercise and physical activity (PA)-promoting interventions that are both effective and reasonably accessible. Internet-based interventions are typically less expensive and more accessible alternatives to on-site supervised interventions. Currently, little is known about the characteristics of nonparticipants in PA promotion trials in the cancer survivorship setting, both in general and specifically in trials using internet-supported interventions.

Effects of and Lessons Learned from an Internet-Based Physical Activity Support Program (with and without Physiotherapist Telephone Counselling) on Physical Activity Levels of Breast and Prostate Cancer Survivors: The PABLO Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: We developed an Internet-based physical activity (PA) support program (IPAS), which is embedded in a patient portal. We evaluated the effectiveness and costs of IPAS alone (online only) or IPAS combined with physiotherapist telephone counselling (blended care), compared to a control group.

Methods: Breast or prostate cancer survivors, 3-36 months after completing primary treatment, were randomized to 6-months access to online only, blended care, or a control group.

Assessing the Effect of Humic Substances and Fe(III) as Potential Electron Acceptors for Anaerobic Methane Oxidation in a Marine Anoxic System.

Marine anaerobic methane oxidation (AOM) is generally assumed to be coupled to sulfate reduction, via a consortium of anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea (ANME) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). ANME-1 are, however, often found as single cells, or only loosely aggregated with SRB, suggesting they perform a form of AOM independent of sulfate reduction. Oxidized metals and humic substances have been suggested as potential electron acceptors for ANME, but up to now, AOM linked to reduction of these compounds has only been shown for the ANME-2 and ANME-3 clades.

Impact of Electron Acceptor Availability on Methane-Influenced Microorganisms in an Enrichment Culture Obtained From a Stratified Lake.

Methanotrophs are of major importance in limiting methane emissions from lakes. They are known to preferably inhabit the oxycline of stratified water columns, often assumed due to an intolerance to atmospheric oxygen concentrations, but little is known on the response of methanotrophs to different oxygen concentrations as well as their preference for different electron acceptors. In this study, we enriched a methanotroph of the genus from the oxycline and the anoxic water column of a stratified lake, which was also present in the oxic water column in the winter.

Methane oxidation in anoxic lake water stimulated by nitrate and sulfate addition.

Methanotrophic bacteria play a key role in limiting methane emissions from lakes. It is generally assumed that methanotrophic bacteria are mostly active at the oxic-anoxic transition zone in stratified lakes, where they use oxygen to oxidize methane. Here, we describe a methanotroph of the genera Methylobacter that is performing high-rate (up to 72 μM day ) methane oxidation in the anoxic hypolimnion of the temperate Lacamas Lake (Washington, USA), stimulated by both nitrate and sulfate addition.

Offspring outcomes after prenatal interventions for common mental disorders: a meta-analysis.

Background: It is presumed that pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of prenatal common mental disorders can mitigate associated adverse effects in offspring, yet strong evidence for the prophylactic benefits of treatment is lacking. We therefore examined the effect of prenatal treatments for common mental disorders on offspring outcomes.

Methods: For this meta-analysis, articles published up to August 31, 2017, were obtained from PubMed, PsycInfo, Embase, and Cochrane databases.

Is There A Difference In Outcome Between Two Types Of Valgus Unloading Braces? A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The short-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of two different valgus unloading braces were compared in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis (OA) and a varus leg alignment. A RCT was performed in 100 patients (50 Bledsoe Thruster brace, 50 SofTec OA brace) with symptomatic medial knee OA and a varus leg alignment. Outcomes were the visual analogue scale pain and satisfaction, Dutch Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, SF-12, 6-Minutes Walking Test, hip-knee-ankle alignment, analgesic use, complications and compliance after a follow-up of 2 and 12 weeks.

(Cost-)effectiveness of an internet-based physical activity support program (with and without physiotherapy counselling) on physical activity levels of breast and prostate cancer survivors: design of the PABLO trial.

Background: Higher levels of physical activity (PA) after treatment are associated with beneficial effects on physical and psychosocial functioning of cancer survivors. However, survivors often do not meet the recommended levels of PA. In order to promote PA, we developed a closed internet-based program.

Eccentric versus conventional exercise therapy in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy: a randomized, single blinded, clinical trial.

Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of isolated eccentric versus conventional exercise therapy in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy.

Methods: Thirty-six patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy, diagnosed by an orthopaedic surgeon, were included and randomly allocated to an isolated eccentric exercise (EE) group (n = 20, mean age = 50.2 ± 10.

A feedback protocol improves the diagnostic performance of MR arthrography by experienced musculoskeletal radiologists in patients with traumatic anterior shoulder instability.

Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the diagnostic performance of magnetic-resonance-arthrography (MRA) by experienced musculoskeletal radiologists in patients with traumatic-anterior-shoulder-instability (TASI), after feedback protocol execution.

Materials And Methods: Forty-five surgically confirmed MRA's were used to enhance personal feedback, to discuss differences in outcome between MRA assessment and surgical findings and to fine-tune definition interpretation agreement of 7 different TASI-related lesions, between experienced musculoskeletal radiologists and experienced orthopaedic shoulder surgeons. After execution of the feedback protocol 20 new, surgically confirmed, MRA's were assessed by 2 experienced musculoskeletal radiologists using a seven-lesion standardized scoring form.

Are radiologists superior to orthopaedic surgeons in diagnosing instability-related shoulder lesions on magnetic resonance arthrography? A multicenter reproducibility and accuracy study.

Background: We compared the diagnostic reproducibility and accuracy of musculoskeletal radiologists with orthopaedic shoulder surgeons in 2 large medical centers in assessing magnetic resonance arthrograms (MRAs) of patients with traumatic anterior shoulder instability.

Methods: Forty-five surgically confirmed MRAs were assessed by 4 radiologists, 4 orthopaedic surgeons, 2 radiologic teams, and 2 orthopaedic teams. During MRA assessment and surgery, the same 7-lesion scoring form was used.

Does the experience level of the radiologist, assessment in consensus, or the addition of the abduction and external rotation view improve the diagnostic reproducibility and accuracy of MRA of the shoulder?

Aim: To prospectively evaluate the influence of observer experience, consensus assessment, and abduction and external rotation (ABER) view on the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) in patients with traumatic anterior-shoulder instability (TASI).

Materials And Methods: Fifty-eight MRA examinations (of which 51 had additional ABER views) were assessed by six radiologists (R1-R6) and three teams (T1-T3) with different experience levels, using a seven-lesion standardized scoring form. Forty-five out of 58 MRA examination findings were surgically confirmed.

Better clinical results after closed- compared to open-wedge high tibial osteotomy in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis and varus leg alignment.

Purpose: Studies comparing mid- or long-term outcomes of open- and closed-wedge high tibial osteotomy are limited. Here, the midterm survival rate and clinical and radiographic outcomes were compared for these two techniques. The study hypothesis, based on short-term follow-up, was that after midterm follow-up, the two techniques would not differ.

Hemiarthroplasty for humeral four-part fractures for patients 65 years and older: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Four-part fractures of the proximal humerus account for 3% of all humeral fractures and are regarded as the most difficult fractures to treat in the elderly. Various authors recommend nonoperative treatment or hemiarthroplasty, but the literature is unclear regarding which provides better quality of life and function.

Questions/purposes: We therefore performed a randomized controlled trial to compare (1) function, (2) strength, and (3) pain and disability in patients 65 years and older with four-part humeral fractures treated either nonoperatively or with hemiarthroplasty.

Evidence-based rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Following a bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft (BPTB) or four-stranded semitendinosus/gracilis tendons autograft (ST/G) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, the speed and safety with which an athlete returns to sports (or regains the pre-injury level of function) depends on the rehabilitation protocol. Considering the large differences in clinical and outpatient protocols, there is no consensus regarding the content of such a rehabilitation program. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to develop an optimal evidence-based rehabilitation protocol to enable unambiguous, practical and useful treatment after ACL reconstruction.

Partial versus unrestricted weight bearing after an uncemented femoral stem in total hip arthroplasty: recommendation of a concise rehabilitation protocol from a systematic review of the literature.

The aim of this systematic review was to find evidence-based support in the literature to allow immediate unrestricted weight bearing after primary uncemented total hip arthroplasty (THA). Accelerated rehabilitation programs for THA are becoming increasingly popular to shorten hospital stay and to facilitate rapid restoration of function. The goals of these rehabilitation programs could be more easily achieved if immediate unrestricted weight bearing (UWB) could be allowed after a THA.

MR arthrography of traumatic anterior shoulder lesions showed modest reproducibility and accuracy when evaluated under clinical circumstances.

Introduction: We examined the reproducibility and accuracy of high-field MRA in traumatic anterior shoulder instability under conditions resembling clinical practice and assessed the influence of observer experience.

Materials And Methods: Two radiologists with different experience levels evaluated 61 MRAs. Assessment was independent, blinded and non-sequential.