Differentiation in microgravity of neural and muscle cells of a vertebrate (amphibian).

The CELIMENE space experiment (CELulles en Impesanteur: Muscle Et Neurone Embryonnaires) was devoted to the study of the influence of gravity on the differentiation, the organisation and the maintenance of the highly specialised nervous system and muscular system. CELIMENE was carried out during the first flight of the IBIS hardware (Instrument for BIology in Space) with the fully automatic space mission PHOTON 10 in February 1995. Using the amphibian Pleurodeles waltl as a vertebrate model, in vitro experiments involved immunocytochemical detection of glial-, neuronal- and muscle-specific markers, and neurotransmitters in cells developed under conditions of microgravity compared with 1g controls, on-board and on the ground.