Viromes of Antarctic fish resemble the diversity found at lower latitudes.

Antarctica harbours some of the most isolated and extreme environments on Earth, concealing a largely unexplored and unique component of the global animal virosphere. To understand the diversity and evolutionary histories of viruses in these polar species, we determined the viromes of gill metatranscriptomes from 11 Antarctic fish species with 248 samples collected from the Ross Sea region spanning the Perciformes, Gadiformes, and Scorpaeniformes orders. The continent's shift southward and cooling temperatures >20 million years ago led to a reduction in biodiversity and subsequent radiation of some marine fauna, such as the notothenioid fishes.

From islands to infectomes: host-specific viral diversity among birds across remote islands.

Background: Accelerating biodiversity loss necessitates monitoring the potential pathogens of vulnerable species. With a third of New Zealand's avifauna considered at risk of extinction, a greater understanding of the factors that influence microbial transmission in this island ecosystem is needed. We used metatranscriptomics to determine the viruses, as well as other microbial organisms (i.

Virome analysis of New Zealand's bats reveals cross-species viral transmission among the .

The lesser short-tailed bat () and the long-tailed bat () are Aotearoa New Zealand's only native extant terrestrial mammals and are believed to have migrated from Australia. Long-tailed bats arrived in New Zealand an estimated two million years ago and are closely related to other Australian bat species. Lesser short-tailed bats, in contrast, are the only extant species within the Mystacinidae and are estimated to have been living in isolation in New Zealand for the past 16-18 million years.

Total infectome investigation of diphtheritic stomatitis in yellow-eyed penguins (Megadyptes antipodes) reveals a novel and abundant megrivirus.

First identified in 2002, diphtheritic stomatitis (DS) is a devastating disease affecting yellow-eyed penguins (Megadyptes antipodes, or hoiho in te reo Māori). The disease is associated with oral lesions in chicks and has caused significant morbidity and mortality. DS is widespread among yellow-eyed penguin chicks on mainland New Zealand yet appears to be absent from the subantarctic population.

Host specificity shapes fish viromes across lakes on an isolated remote island.

Fish viromes often provide insights into the origin and evolution of viruses affecting tetrapods, including those associated with imporant human diseases. However, despite fish being the most diverse vertebrate group, their viruses are still understudied. We investigated the viromes of fish on Chatham Island (Rēkohu), a geographically isolated island housing 9% of New Zealand's threatened endemic fish species.

Cloacal virome of an ancient host lineage - The tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) - Reveals abundant and diverse diet-related viruses.

Tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) are one of the most phylogenetically isolated vertebrate species and provide a unique host system to study virus evolution. While the tuatara genome, sequenced in 2020, revealed many endogenous viral elements, we know little of the exogenous viruses that infect tuatara. We performed a metatranscriptomics study of tuatara cloaca samples from a wild population on Takapourewa (Stephens Island), Aotearoa New Zealand.

Identification of SARS-CoV-2 variants using viral sequencing for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention genomic surveillance program.

Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention contracted with laboratories to sequence the SARS-CoV-2 genome from positive samples across the United States to enable public health officials to investigate the impact of variants on disease severity as well as the effectiveness of vaccines and treatment. Herein we present the initial results correlating RT-PCR quality control metrics with sample collection and sequencing methods from full SARS-CoV-2 viral genomic sequencing of 24,441 positive patient samples between April and June 2021.

Methods: RT-PCR confirmed (N Gene Ct value < 30) positive patient samples, with nucleic acid extracted from saliva, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were selected for viral whole genome SARS-CoV-2 sequencing.

Acute inflammatory edema as a variant of pseudocellulitis resolved after transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Acute inflammatory edema is a noninfectious inflammatory condition of the skin that is commonly seen in critically ill patients. It is characterized by edematous, erythematous, and nontender plaques involving the abdomen and thighs, sparing areas of the skin subject to pressure. Risk factors include fluid overload, hypoalbuminemia, and obesity.

Slippery when wet: cross-species transmission of divergent coronaviruses in bony and jawless fish and the evolutionary history of the .

The comprise a genetically diverse group of positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus families that infect a range of invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. Recent metagenomic studies have identified nido-like virus sequences, particularly those related to the , in a range of aquatic hosts including fish, amphibians, and reptiles. We sought to identify additional members of the in both bony and jawless fish through a combination of total RNA sequencing (meta-transcriptomics) and data mining of published RNA sequencing data and from this reveal more of the long-term patterns and processes of coronavirus evolution.

Multiple flat-topped scaly violaceous papules.

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is an autosomal recessive genodermatosis characterized by susceptibility to beta-genus human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Owing to TMC6/EVER1 and TMC8/EVER2 mutations that lead to abnormal transmembrane channels in the endoplasmic reticulum involved in immunological pathways, keratinocytes cannot combat infection from non-pathogenic HPV strains. Mutations involving RHOH, MST-1, CORO1A, and IL-7 have also been associated with EV in patients without TMC6 or TMC8 mutations.

Resolution of radiation-induced acneform eruption following treatment with tretinoin and minocycline: a case report.

Postradiation comedogenesis is an uncommon side effect of radiation therapy, with few cases reported in the medical literature. The proposed etiology of this reaction is alteration of pilosebaceous unit secretions and retention of proliferating ductal keratinocytes due to stricture and scarring. We report a case of a 48-year-old woman who had been treated for infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the right breast with lumpectomy and radiation therapy.

Topical nitroglycerin: a promising treatment option for chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis.

Background: Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis (CNH) is a painful nodule that often interferes with sleep and occurs on the helix or antihelix of the ear in older patients. Although several case reports describe a variety of seemingly effective surgical and conservative treatment options, well-studied treatment modalities have varying efficacy rates and can often demonstrate disappointing results.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 2% topical nitroglycerin for the treatment of CNH.

Pemphigus vulgaris and paraneoplastic pemphigus.

The history, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic work-up, histopathology, and treatment of PV and PNP have been presented. These life-threatening, autoimmune, mucocutaneous bullous conditions may be encountered first by oral health providers and, therefore, deserve keen understanding and attention by the oral and maxillofacial surgeon. Great diagnostic and management strides have been made, but morbidity and life quality issues remain a reality for these chronically ill patients.

Periorbital cutaneous neonatal lupus.

The authors report 3 infant girls with a similar periorbital eruption. A 5-month-old infant girl presented with a 3-month history of a photosensitive facial eruption that had failed to respond to topical 1% hydrocortisone cream. The otherwise healthy infant was the product of a term pregnancy.

The factor XIII Val34Leu polymorphism: is it protective against idiopathic venous thromboembolism?

The substitution of leucine for valine at amino acid position 34 of the factor XIII gene is commonly referred to as FXIII Val34Leu polymorphism. The homozygous leucine/leucine genotype has been reported to confer protection against venous thromboembolism, but previous studies have not evaluated a population limited to those with idiopathic venous thromboembolism. The primary objective of the study was to determine whether the FXIII Val34Leu polymorphism is independently associated with the occurrence of idiopathic venous thromboembolism.

Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex with mottled pigmentation: mutation analysis in the first reported Hispanic pedigree with the largest single generation of affected individuals to date.

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex with mottled pigmentation (EBS-MP), characterized by trauma-induced blisters, distinct pigmentary changes of the trunk and extremities, and acral hyperkeratotic papules, is almost exclusively caused by a common KRT5 missense mutation affecting the V1 region of keratin 5. We studied the first Hispanic family, the largest single generation of affected family members in which 5 out of 10 siblings inherited EBS-MP from their affected father, as well a second large pedigree, the first reported of Finnish ancestry. In both families, the heterozygous transition mutation 74C-->T of the keratin 5 gene, which results in amino acid substitution P25L, completely co-segregated with the EBS-MP phenotype.

A case of calciphylaxis and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.

A 70-year-old woman presented for evaluation of symmetric necrotic ulcers of the lower extremities. Biopsy results revealed changes consistent with calciphylaxis. The predisposing factors in this patient included calcium supplementation, obesity, female gender, viscous blood, renal failure, and diabetes mellitus.

Leuprolide acetate-induced dermatitis herpetiformis.

Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a chronic, pruritic, papulovesicular dermatosis on extensor surfaces that is characterized by a neutrophilic infiltrate and granular immunoglobulin A deposition at the dermal papillae. Although the presence of immunoglobulin A in the skin and the severity of DH are known to be associated with gluten intake, few drugs have been implicated in the induction of DH. We report a case of DH triggered by intramuscular injections of leuprolide acetate, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog, in a patient with a history of prostate cancer.

Home-treatment of deep vein thrombosis in patients with cancer.

Background And Objectives: Outpatient treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has become a common practice. However, in some centers cancer patients with DVT are excluded from home treatment because they have a higher risk of both bleeding and recurrent DVT. We performed a retrospective review of clinical practice patterns to assess the rate of cancer patients who were deemed eligible for outpatient treatment of their DVT.

Cutaneous tumors as the initial presentation of non-T, non-B, nonmyeloid CD4+ CD56+ hematolymphoid malignancy in an adolescent boy.

We describe a 14-year-old Hispanic boy who presented with a 2-month history of enlarging plum-colored cutaneous tumors on his face, trunk, and proximal extremities. Histopathologic examination showed nodular infiltrates of malignant mononuclear cells extending from the superficial dermis to the deep subcutis. Immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy specimen and flow cytometry studies on a bone marrow aspirate revealed a CD4+, CD56+ hematolymphoid tumor that was negative for all other myeloid and lymphoid markers.

Analytical validation of the tag-it high-throughput microsphere-based universal array genotyping platform: application to the multiplex detection of a panel of thrombophilia-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms.

Background: We have developed a novel, microsphere-based universal array platform referred to as the Tag-It platform. This platform is suitable for high-throughput clinical genotyping applications and was used for multiplex analysis of a panel of thrombophilia-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

Methods: Genomic DNA from 132 patients was amplified by multiplex PCR using 6 primer sets, followed by multiplex allele-specific primer extension using 12 universally tagged genotyping primers.

Adult onset of eruptive widespread Spitz's nevi.

Cases of multiple Spitz's nevi are rare, usually occurring in the agminate form or even less commonly as widespread eruptive Spitz's nevi. Previously reported cases of widespread eruptive Spitz's nevi arose in persons age 23 or younger. We describe a Hispanic male patient with eruptive Spitz's nevi that presented at the age of 35 years.