Use of high resolution computed tomography to diagnose ante-mortem dental root fractures in archaeological samples.

Dental root fractures are rarely documented in past human populations, but when they are observed, diagnosing ante-mortem events as causal factors can be difficult due to postmortem alteration. Can high resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT) improve our ability to diagnose if a dental fracture was caused ante- or post-mortem? To test this, a case study of two individuals with previously diagnosed dental root fractures were re-examined with high resolution CT to confirm or refute the original diagnoses. For individual 4170, use of high resolution CT supported the original diagnosis of an ante-mortem root fracture on the right mandibular central incisor that was made based on planar X-ray.

Predictive factors for alveolar fenestration and dehiscence.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution and incidence of two forms of alveolar bone resorption known as fenestration and dehiscence across time and space. To accomplish this a Medieval French population was studied and the results were compared with other studies to examine incidence and distribution of alveolar bone resorption. Thus, 1175 teeth were analysed for 81 individuals, from an agropastoral Medieval (12th-14th century) archaeological site of Vilarnau located in the South of France.

Dental wear quantity and direction in Chalcolithic and Medieval populations from southwest France.

The aim of this study was to verify if dental wear changed due to the dietary shift between the Chalcolithic and Middle Ages from relatively hard and fibrous foods to soft cooked cereals. This was accomplished by comparing dental wear quantity and direction between people from two archaeological sites, Les Treilles during the Chalcolithic (mixed subsistence farmers) and Marsan from the Middle Ages (agriculturalists) in southwest France. The materials studied include 65 mandibles, 32 from Les Treilles and 33 from Marsan; 549 teeth were studied.

A History of Caries in the Middle Ages: Characteristics and Cultural Profiles.

In paleopathology, since the mid-1960s, caries and its characteristics have been studied on medieval teeth by many different teams in Europe, particularly in relation to the dietary and cultural habits of the populations concerned. The aims of this article are to propose a global study of caries within European medieval populations through various parameters such as prevalence, distribution, location, gender, and diet.

Topographical presentation of dental wear as arches in a French mediaeval population.

Unlabelled: The diversity of notation systems for recording dental characteristics and the means used to display them makes comparisons and interdisciplinary collaboration difficult.

Objective: The aim of the present study is to propose the use of a method employed by experts worldwide but which may be new to bioarchaeologists. Since 1971 we have used the International Dental Federation (FDI) system, which provides the location of dental characteristics and the morphotype of each tooth at the same time, thus avoiding the need to specify upper or lower, and right or left to state the tooth position in the dental arch.

Frequency of dental caries in four historical populations from the chalcolithic to the middle ages.

The majority of dental carie studies over the course of historical period underline mainly the prevalence evolution, the role of carbohydrates consumption and the impact of access to dietary resources. The purpose of the present investigation was to compare population samples from two archaeological periods the Chacolithic and Middle Age taking into account the geographical and socio economical situation. The study concerned four archaelogical sites in south west France and population samples an inlander for the Chalcolithic Age, an inlander, an costal and urban for the Middle Age.

Study of dental caries and periapical lesions in a mediaeval population of the southwest France: differences in visual and radiographic inspections.

Dental caries and periapical lesions have often been studied in archaeological samples. The majority of these studies concern lesions detected clinically and, in some cases, radiography is used to improve the scoring results. The purpose of the present study was to compare and combine the two methods for recording caries and cysts.

[Treating wounds in pediatrics, new practices].

The treatment of wounds has been the subject of a number of research works and a wide range of dressings is now available. However, few studies have been carried out into their application in and suitability for paediatrics. Protocols have however been put in place, as an extension to their use with adults, to meet the specific needs of this section of the population.

Dental caries, tooth wear and diet in an adult medieval (12th-14th century) population from mediterranean France.

Objectives: The aims of the present work were to determine the frequency and distribution of caries and tooth wear on paired maxillae of a mediaeval sample from southwest France in which the sex of the remains had been established, and to make a relation with the diet of this population.

Materials And Methods: The sample analysed consisted of the dental remains of 58 adult individuals (29 men and 29 women) excavated from the mediaeval cemetery of the archaeological site of Vilarnau d'Amont (southwest France). A total of 1395 teeth were examined.

[Study of dental attrition in a medieval adult population from Southwest France].

Introduction: The aim of the authors was to study dental attrition in a medieval sample of paired mandibles and maxillas from the Southwest France (IX to XV century).

Materials And Methods: We selected 58 adult individuals with maxillas and mandibles in good state of conservation, 29 women and 29 men from the medieval collection of Vilarnau-d'Amont (Western Pyrenees, France). Attrition was graded according to the Brabant index.

[Study of the prevalence and distribution of dental caries in a medieval population in Southwest France].

Introduction: Teeth are an interesting material for the study of ancient populations. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of caries in a medieval sample of paired maxillas in a rural population in Southwest France and to compare men and women.

Materials And Methods: Our sample included 58 adults, 29 men and 29 women, with dentate maxillas in good state of conservation, for a total of 1,395 teeth out of a possible 1,846 (75%).

Improved oral hygiene and Candida species colonization level in geriatric patients.

Objectives: This work consists in improving oral hygiene (OH) for elderly dependent people in long-term hospital care, in order to decrease the degree of colonization and the associated risk of developing oral candidiasis. As this population frequently suffers from such colonization and because it is difficult to install and practice OH care, a study protocol was designed at the request of geriatricians. The objective of the present study was to set up a programme of OH, applied by the care staff, and to monitor oral colonization of by Candida spp.

[Caries free smile: a dental health educational programme].

Unlabelled: A multidisciplinary team associating members from the hospital, national education and local council sectors prepared, and led, a carie-free smile educational campaign in Toulouse.

Objectives: The aim was two-fold: to teach children how to manage their routine oral hygiene while giving a positive image to health care-hence the carie-free smile theme chosen by the team; secondly, to promote an awareness campaign targeting professionals in the education sector (public health sector, independent paediatricians and odontologists) who together constitute the transmitters of our initiative.

Material And Methods: The action involved 12,000 children in the 5-8-year age group from 76 public and private schools, 36 kindergarten and primary school leisure centres, six holiday centres together with infant patients from the children's hospital, all of whom were volunteers in the scheme.

Colonization of the oral cavity by Candida species: risk factors in long-term geriatric care.

The population of elderly people in hospitals for long-term geriatric care presents many risk factors for nosocomial infection by Candida species. The aim of this work was to reduce the risk of C. albicans nosocomial infections starting from colonization of the oral cavity.

Salivary defence factor concentrations in relation to oral and general parameters in HIV positive patients.

The objective of this study was to determine the relationships between saliva protein concentrations, oral mucosal lesions, and systemic parameters in HIV positive patients and controls. Twenty-three control volunteers and 58 HIV-antibody positive patients received a complete oral examination and medical evaluation. In saliva and serum samples, protein concentrations were recorded by a nephelometric method.

Use of an oral antiseptic bioadhesive tablet in dogs.

V3703 (Stomadhex) is a tablet with bioadhesive properties enabling it to remain in place for several hours after it has been placed on the oral mucosa. It continuously releases chlorhexidine and niacinamide. In a study conducted in 15 dogs, the tablets were well tolerated by the animals.

[Comparison of protein concentrations in saliva and serum].

Saliva and serum protein profiles composed of 12 proteins: IgA, IgG, IgM, albumin, transferrin, alpha 1-glycoprotein acid, alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, haptoglobine, C3C, C4 and CRP were obtained by laser nephelometry of aliquots of samples of non-stimulated whole saliva and blood taken at the same time. The population of 138 controls of both sexes was divided into 4 age groups: 1 (20 to 29 years), 2 (30 to 39 years), 3 (40 to 49 years), 4 (50 to 60 years). Using the techniques developed for saliva assay, 10 proteins were measurable: IgA, IgG, IgM, albumin, transferrin, alpha 1-glycoprotein acid, alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, haptoglobulin and C3C.

[Evaluation of normal protein profile of the mixed saliva and serum by laser nephelometry].

The aim of this study was to produce a protein profile of both whole saliva saliva and serum in a normal population of adults of both sexes ranging from 18 to 35 years of age using laser nephelometry. Twelve proteins were titrated: IgA, IgG, IgM, C3c, C4, alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, C-reactive protein, albumin, hapto-globulin, alpha 1-glycoprotein acid and transferrine. This study is an original attempt to define a normal protein profile in the healthy adult.