Impairment due to alcohol, tetrahydrocannabinol, and benzodiazepines in impaired drivers compared to experimental studies.

Objective: In some countries, per se laws for other drugs than alcohol are used to judge drunk and drugged drivers. These blood concentration limits are often derived from experimental studies on traffic relevant behavior of healthy volunteers. Knowledge about how results from experimental studies could be transferred to a real-life setting is missing.

Evaluation of the hip-flask defence by determination of ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulphate concentrations in blood.

Introduction: The hip-flask defence (i.e. claiming ethanol intake after an incident) is difficult to refute by the use of ethanol analyses alone, as these may show decreasing concentrations shortly after intake of alcohol.

Pharmacology Portal: An Open Database for Clinical Pharmacologic Laboratory Services.

Purpose: More than 50 Norwegian public and private laboratories provide one or more analyses for therapeutic drug monitoring or testing for drugs of abuse. Practices differ among laboratories, and analytical repertoires can change rapidly as new substances become available for analysis.

Methods: The Pharmacology Portal was developed to provide an overview of these activities and to standardize the practices and terminology among laboratories.