Prophylactic Swallowing Exercises in Patients with Laryngeal Cancer Who Underwent Total Laryngectomy-A Randomized Trial.

Objectives: This study aims to determine the efficacy of prophylactic swallowing exercises on swallowing function in patients undergoing total laryngectomy for laryngeal cancer.

Methods: The design was a randomized controlled trial set in one tertiary care academic medical center. A total of 92 patients undergoing total laryngectomy for stages III and IV laryngeal cancer performed five targeted swallowing exercises for a period of three months after their surgery, starting two weeks after the surgery.

Perspectives in Using Multiple Flaps Reconstructions for Advanced Head and Neck Tumors (Scoping Review).

Patients with advanced head and neck tumors require salvage surgery as a last resort. These extensive surgeries pose the challenge of complex reconstructions. The head and neck surgeon undertaking such complex cases needs to master different flaps.

Molecular pathways and targeted therapies in head and neck cancers pathogenesis.

The substantial heterogeneity exhibited by head and neck cancer (HNC), encompassing diverse cellular origins, anatomical locations, and etiological contributors, combined with the prevalent late-stage diagnosis, poses significant challenges for clinical management. Genomic sequencing endeavors have revealed extensive alterations in key signaling pathways that regulate cellular proliferation and survival. Initiatives to engineer therapies targeting these dysregulated pathways are underway, with several candidate molecules progressing to clinical evaluation phases, including FDA approval for agents like the EGFR-targeting monoclonal antibody cetuximab for K-RAS wild-type, EGFR-mutant HNSCC treatment.

A Review and Comparative Analysis of Transoral Surgical Treatment versus Conservative Management in Early-Stage Oropharyngeal Cancer.

Introduction: Oropharyngeal cancer requires a comprehensive evaluation of treatment options, including surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. It is crucial to customize these treatments based on the stage of the tumor and the overall health of the patient, enabling personalized or combined approaches. Transoral surgical techniques have regained popularity due to the advancements and limitations of non-surgical strategies.

Role of interferons in the antiviral battle: from virus-host crosstalk to prophylactic and therapeutic potential in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Mammalians sense antigenic messages from infectious agents that penetrate the respiratory and digestive epithelium, as well as signals from damaged host cells through membrane and cytosolic receptors. The transduction of these signals triggers a personalized response, depending on the nature of the stimulus and the host's genetics, physiological condition, and comorbidities. Interferons (IFNs) are the primary effectors of the innate immune response, and their synthesis is activated in most cells within a few hours after pathogen invasion.

Implications of oral dysbiosis and HPV infection in head and neck cancer: from molecular and cellular mechanisms to early diagnosis and therapy.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common type of cancer, with more than half a million new cases annually. This review focuses on the role of oral dysbiosis and HPV infection in HNCs, presenting the involved taxons, molecular effectors and pathways, as well as the HPV-associated particularities of genetic and epigenetic changes and of the tumor microenvironment occurred in different stages of tumor development. Oral dysbiosis is associated with the evolution of HNCs, through multiple mechanisms such as inflammation, genotoxins release, modulation of the innate and acquired immune response, carcinogens and anticarcinogens production, generation of oxidative stress, induction of mutations.

Management of Locally Advanced Laryngeal Cancer-From Risk Factors to Treatment, the Experience of a Tertiary Hospital from Eastern Europe.

Laryngeal cancer is an important oncological entity in which prognosis depends on the establishment of appropriate preventive and diagnostic measures, especially in high-risk populations. We present a retrospective two-year study (January 2021 to December 2022) with 152 patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer from a tertiary hospital in Romania. The average age of the patients was 62 years old for both sexes, with a range from 44 to 83 years.

Antimicrobial therapy in complicated rhinosinusitis.

Introduction: Complicated rhinosinusitis is a rare but life-threatening pathology that requires both medical and surgical treatment as soon as possible. The spread of the infection from the paranasal sinuses affects, most often, the orbit, patients presenting diplopia, preseptal cellulitis, orbital cellulitis, or even blindness alongside exteriorization of puss from the middle meatus and nasal obstruction.

Materials And Methods: We carried out a retrospective review of 32 patients that were diagnosed in our clinic with complicated rhinosinusitis from 2015 to 2022.

Quality-of-Life Assessment after Head and Neck Oncological Surgery for Advanced-Stage Tumours.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) is a common malignancy often diagnosed in the advanced stage with a complex negative influence on the patient's quality of life (QoL). Given its multi-modal treatment, the first step is to adequately balance the needs of the patient, and the second step includes the consultations, interventions, and care provided by the medical team, with the purpose of improving the overall management of the HNSCC. Current attempts to develop and validate quality-of-life instruments specific to cancers of the head and neck have been reported, and certain questionnaires are now available.

The association between lncRNA H19 and EZH2 expression in patients with EBV-positive laryngeal carcinoma.

Objective: Laryngeal cancer is the second most common malignancy in the head and neck, with Epstein-Barr virus infection as a risk factor. Our aim is to evaluate correlations between the expression of lncRNA H19 and EBV infection in laryngeal cancer and H19 involvement in neoplastic progression through EZH2 association.

Materials And Methods: 30 paired laryngeal tissue specimens (neoplastic and non-neoplastic) were included in the study.

The Role of Biomaterials in Upper Digestive Tract Transoral Reconstruction.

This study aims to establish whether the use of biomaterials, particularly polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), for surgical reconstruction of the esophagus with templates, Montgomery salivary tube, after radical oncology surgery for malignant neoplasia is an optimal choice for patients' safety and for optimal function preservation and organ rehabilitation. Structural analysis by Raman spectrometry and biomechanical properties with dynamic mechanical analysis are performed for fatigue strength and toughness, essential factors in durability of a prosthesis in the reconstruction practice of the esophagus. Nanocomposites with silicone elastomers and nanoparticles used in implantable devices and in reconstruction surgery present risks of infection and fatigue strength when required to perform a mechanical effort for long periods of time.

Influence of Staphylococcus aureus attachment to the herpes simplex virus infected cells.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of HeLa cells to the interaction with inactivated Staphylococcus aureus cells and live challenge with herpes simplex virus (HSV).The results of this study are indicating that the interaction between the HeLa cells and S. aureus inactivated whole cells could modulate the host cell apoptosis and cytokine production, and therefore, influence the progression of HSV infection.

Metallic-based micro and nanostructures with antimicrobial activity.

The spectacular progress of research in the nanotechnology field led to the achievement of important knowledge of materials at the atomic and molecular scale and the extent of the use of nanoparticles in the design of medical products, ecological processes, cosmetics and other biotechnological applications. One of the current focuses of the medical applications of nanotechnology is the development of new strategies to inhibit the activity of different microorganisms. The purpose of this review was to present the antimicrobial activity of metal cations in micro- and nanoparticulate forms and the dependence of this biological activity on shape, size and physico-chemical conditions.

Insights on Metal Based Dental Implants and their Interaction with the Surrounding Tissues.

At present, the use of dental implants is a very common practice as tooth loss is a frequent problem and can occur as a result of disease or trauma. An implant is usually made of biocompatible materials that do not cause rejection reactions and allow the implant union with the respective bone. To achieve this goal, the implant surface may have different structures and coatings, generally used to increase the adherence of the implant to the bone and to decrease the risk of the periimplantar inflammatory reactions.

Significance of serum antibodies against HSP 60 and HSP 70 for the diagnostic of infectious diseases.

Heat shock proteins (HSP) represent important antigenic targets for the immune response, playing an important role in the pathology and infectious diseases control. The purpose of this work was to investigate the levels of HSP60 and HSP70 specific antibodies in the bloodstream of patients with different bacterial infections and cancer, in order to evaluate their potential role as diagnosis markers of different infectious diseases. Detection of specific anti-HSP 60 and HSP 70 serum levels was performed by ELISA.

Fluorescence analysis of apoptosis induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in endothelial cells.

Intracellular invasion of professional phagocytic cells like monocytes and macrophages by a pathogen usually triggers the apoptosis of the host cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate if Pseudomonas aeruginosa, although not considered a classic intracellular pathogen, could adhere to endothelial cell surface, invade the intracellular compartment and subsequently induce apoptosis of the cells. The adherence and invasion capacity of P.

Biomedical applications of synthetic, biodegradable polymers for the development of anti-infective strategies.

The emergence of antibiotic resistance in microbial strains is representing one of the major threats to public health worldwide, due to the decreased or total cancelling of the available antibiotics effectiveness, correlated with the slow development of novel antibiotics. Due to their excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility, the synthetic polymers could find a lot of biomedical applications, such as the development of biomaterials with optimized properties and of drug delivery systems. This review is focusing on the applications of synthetic, biodegradable polymers for the improvement of antiinfective therapeutic and prophylactic agents (i.

Orbital complications of fungal pan-sinusitis in uncontrolled diabetes.

The purpose of our clinical case presentation is to emphasize the role of ear, nose and throat specialist in early recognition and urgent treatment of mucormycosis, which is a rare infection caused by fungus belonging to the order Mucorales. They are known opportunistic organisms, which potentially invade and infect a host with depressed immunity. In our paper we present a case of an uncontrolled diabetic male with orbital complications caused by a fungal pan-sinusitis.

Polymicrobial wound infections: pathophysiology and current therapeutic approaches.

Acute and chronic wounds represent a very common health problem in the entire world. The dermal wounds are colonized by aerobic and anaerobic bacterial and fungal strains, most of them belonging to the resident microbiota of the surrounding skin, oral cavity and gut, or from the external environment, forming polymicrobial communities called biofilms, which are prevalent especially in chronic wounds. A better understanding of the precise mechanisms by which microbial biofilms delay repair processes together with optimizing methods for biofilm detection and prevention may enhance opportunities for chronic wounds healing.

The Role of EGFR and HER2- Activating Mutations in Maxillary Sinus Cancer.

Head and neck cancers account for less than 5% of all cancers worldwide and for less than 1% of all cancer deaths in Romania. Sinonasal squamous cell carcinomas are malignant tumors with origin in the respiratory mucosa of the paranasal sinuses and the nasal cavity. Because of the proximity to different important structures such as the brain, the eye the relevance of a multimodal therapy is well known.

Sentinel lymph node - work hypothesis in sinonasal carcinoma treatment.

Although rare, sinonasal malignancies (SNM) can be lesions of immense importance. Approximately 60-70% of sinonasal malignancies (SNM) occur in the maxillary sinus and 20-30% occurs in the nasal cavity itself. The lymphatic drainage of the sinuses and nasal cavity include levels I-III as well as the parapharyngian nodes.

Morphology and morphopathology of hypopharyngo-esophageal cancer.

Cervical esophageal cancer and hypopharyngeal cancer represent a major diagnostic issue in early stages, considering the fact that the implication of both cervical esophageal and hypopharyngeal cancers shows a poor prognostic from the very beginning. Positive diagnosis can only be made after histopathological analysis and immunohistochemical analysis in addition. The bioptic material is sampled by rigid endoscopy this being the only viable method of assessing data on the tumor prior to the surgery.

Investigation of Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles in patients with laryngo-pharyngeal, HPV-positive cancers.

The aim of this study was to reveal the relationships between the features of the primary tumour, the degree of tumour stage, the presence of human papillomaviruses (HPV) in blood and the severity of Th1/Th2 serum cytokine imbalance in patients with laryngo-pharyngeal cancer. The study was performed on 50 patients (47 men and 3 women), with age ranging from 40 to 83 years (the mean of the patients' ages was 58.4 ± 9.

Immunologic and cytogenetic markers expressed in non-Hodgkin lymphoma of head and neck.

Very often, the first doctor who examines a patient with malignant lymphoma is an ENT specialist, because non-Hodgkin lymphoma is five times more frequent than Hodgkin disease in the head and neck region. Approximately 25% of extranodal lymphoma occurs in the head and neck and extranodal presentation is twice as frequent as nodal presentation. This paper present a study of the patients from ENT, Head & Neck Surgery Clinic of Coltea Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, diagnosed with malignant lymphoma.